Silver-glass bonding

Silver-glass bonding High thermal conductivity Long cure schedule to... 

Specimen Type (2)—Sample flat laminates were made by bonding 10 in. x 23 in. silvered glass mirrors to either... 

Specimen Type (3)—Lap shear samples were made by bonding the glass side of 1 in. x 1 in. pieces of silvered glass mirrors to a 1 in. x 6 in. piece of aluminized steel with a common adhesive and then bonding a second 1 in. x 6 in. piece of aluminized steel to the mirrored side with Urethanes A, B, and C. 

Among the better adhesives that meet automobile engine conditions are the aromatic anhydride-cured epoxies, polyimides, silicones, and silver-glass. A proposed qualification test requirement that adhesive-bonded assembhes survive 2,000 thermal cycles with 1% or less of failures has been difficult to meet ... 

A process for chip-on-glass bonding of bumped integrated circuits to ITO conductors has been developed by using a two-part isotropic epoxy adhesive loaded with silver flakes [122]. The first observation is that the volume resistivity and contact resistance depend on the type of flakes and the percentage by weight of particles dispersed in the adhesive composition. According to the kind of flakes, the volume resistivity of adhesives loaded with 75-80 wt% silver varies... 

Cobalt compounds have been in use for centuries, notably as pigments ( cobalt blue ) in glass and porcelain (a double silicate of cobalt and potassium) the metal itself has been produced on an industrial scale only during the twentieth century. Cobalt is relatively uncommon but widely distributed it occurs biologically in vitamin B12 (a complex of cobalt(III) in which the cobalt is bonded octahedrally to nitrogen atoms and the carbon atom of a CN group). In its ores, it is usually in combination with sulphur or arsenic, and other metals, notably copper and silver, are often present. Extraction is carried out by a process essentially similar to that used for iron, but is complicate because of the need to remove arsenic and other metals. 

Certain alloys of iron, nickel, and cobalt (Kovar, Fernico, etc.) have thermal expansion curves which nearly match those of borosilicate glasses, and a good bond may be formed between the two. Kovar is similar to carbon steel in its chemical properties. For example, it oxidizes when heated in air and is not wet by mercury. It may be machined, welded, copper brazed, and soft soldered. Silver solders should not be used with Kovar since they may cause embrittlement. At low temperatures Kovar undergoes a phase transformation, and the change in expansion coefficient below this temperature may be sufficient to cause failure of a glass-to-Kovar seal. The transformation temperature usually is below... 

For the conductivity measurements, the films were deposited on glass slides which had been precoated with 1,000-A-thick stripes or pads of evaporated silver metal. The deposited silver metal was bonded to silver wires with silver epoxy which were in turn connected to tungsten connectors by platinum wires (Fig. 1). A high-vacuum glass apparatus was constructed with which... 

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