Silicate glass-ceramics

Lithium oxide(s), 15 134, 141 Lithium perchlorate, 3 417 15 141-142 dessicant, 3 360 in lithium cells, 3 459 Lithium peroxide, 15 142 18 393 Lithium phosphate, 15 142 Lithium-polymer cells, 3 551 in development, 3 43 It Lithium primary cells, 3 459-466 Lithium production, 9 640 Lithium products, sales of, 15 121 Lithium salts, 15 135-136, 142 Lithium secondary cells, 3 549-551 ambient temperature, 3 541-549 economic aspects, 3 551-552 high temperature, 3 549-551 Lithium silicate glass-ceramics, 12 631-632... 

Chemical Properties. The chemical durability is a function of the durability of the crystals and the residual glass. Generally, highly siliceous glass-ceramics with low alkali residual glasses, such as glass-ceramics based on quartz and (3-spodumene, have excellent chemical durability and corrosion resistance similar to that obtained in borosilicate glasses. 

Simple Silicates. The most important simple silicate glass-ceramics are based on lithium metasilicate [10102-24-6], Li SiO, lithium disilicate... 

LySy CT enstatite [14681-78-8], MgSi03 diopside [14483-19-3], CaMgSi Og and wollastonite [14567-57-2], CaSi03. A number of silicate glass-ceramic compositions are given in Table 1. 

R. Morrell and K. H. G. Ashbee, High Temperature Creep of Lithium Zinc Silicate Glass-Ceramics, Part 1, General Behavior and Creep Mechanisms, /. Mater. Sci., 8, 1253-1270 (1973). 

W. Donald, B. L. Metcalfe, D. J. Wood, J. R. Copley, The preparation and properties of some lithium zinc silicate glass-ceramic, J. Mater. Sci., 24, 3892-903(1989)... 

M. R. DeSocio, in Effect of Potassium Content on the Properties of Lithium Silicate Glass-Ceramics, M. S. Thesis, Alfred University, 1985. 

V. R. Stenshorn, in Effect of Hydroxyl Concentration on the Crystallization of a Lithium Silicate Glass-Ceramic, M.S. Thesis, Alfred University, 1992. 

Fig. 8.42 Indentation crack profiles in lithium-alumin-silicate glass ceramic (heat treated 250 h at 850 °C, etched in 2.5 % HF for 5 s) indicating fracture of Li2Si203 grains accompanying crack deflection. Also note microcrack [20]. With kind permission of Elsevier... 

It must be noted that the reaction mechanisms in glass/glass-ceramic powders are usually of a very complex nature. Jacquin and Tomozawa (1995) addressed the complex sintering process and the various ways of controlling it in the fabrication of lithium silicate glass-ceramics. 

Since phosphate glass-ceramics exhibit some properties that are more favorable and others that are less favorable than those of silicate glass-ceramics, their special characteristics should be addressed at the beginning of this section. Most of these features are attributed to the different nucleation and crystallization conditions of phosphate glass-ceramics compared with those of silicate glass-ceramics. The glass structure provides the basis for these characteristics. Therefore, the structures of the two glass-ceramics fiunilies must be addressed. 

Beall G.H., "Chain Silicate Glass-Ceramics,"/, Non-Cryst. Solids, 129, 163-173 (1991). 

Beall G.H., Chyung K., Stewart R.L., Donaldson K.Y., Lee H.L., Baskaran S. and Hasselman D.P.H., "Effect of Test Method and Crack Size on the Fracture Toughness of Chain-Silicate Glass-Ceramics,"/. Mater. ScL, 21, 2365-72 (1986). 

McMillan P.W, Philips S.V., and Partridge G., "The Structure and Properties of a Lithium Zinc Silicate Glass-Ceramic,"/. Mater. Sci., 1, 269-79 (1966). 

Schiffer U., "Nucleation in Parent Glasses for Lithia Alumino-Silicate Glass-Ceramic" pp. 25-38 in Low Thermal Expansion Glass-Ceramics. Edited by H. Bach. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 1995. 

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