Signals temporal characteristics

Level 3 Measure temporal characteristics GPCRs Test pK inhibitors/ Characterize signaling... 

Equations (27) and (28) or alternatively Eq. (31) provide the most general formal expression for any type of 4WM process. They show that the nonlinear response function R(t3,t2,t 1), or its Fourier transform (cum + a>n + (oq,com + tu ,aim), contains the complete microscopic information relevant to the calculation of any 4WM signal. As indicated earlier, the various 4WM techniques differ by the choice of ks and ojs and by the temporal characteristics of the incoming fields E, (t), E2(t), and 3(t). A detailed analysis of the response function and of the nonlinear signal will be made in the following sections for specific models. At this point we shall consider the two limiting cases of ideal time-domain and frequency-domain 4WM. In an ideal time-domain 4WM, the durations of the incoming fields are infinitely short, that is,... 

Z. Wang, M. Tymianski, O. Jones, and M. Nedergaard. Impact of cytoplasmic calcium buffering on the spatial and temporal characteristics of intercellular calcium signals in astrocytes. J. Neuro sci., 17 7359-7371, 1997. 

In this paper we investigate the use of a CsI(Tl)-photodiode detector in a hybrid mode, detecting low energy photons in the photodiode and higher energy photons in the scintillator. The different temporal characteristics of the two types of signal can then be used to distinguish them. 

All species of teleost fish examined to date have been found to use sex pheromones (Liley 1982 Liley Stacey 1983 Stacey, Kyle Liley 1986 Stacey, Cardwell, Liley, Scott Sorensen 1994). Further, where examined (about a dozen species Sorensen Stacey, this volume), these cues have been found to be derived from sex hormones. However, the temporal nature of pheromone release has yet to be characterized. Temporal characteristics of pheromone release (i.e. pulse frequency and duration and interpulse interval) might be important for two reasons (Dusenbery 1989). First, intermittent release of pheromone could produce temporal and spatial variations in pheromone concentration that might prevent or reduce sensory adaptation. Second, the temporal characteristics of pheromone release may provide information about the proximity and identity of the signal s sender. 

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