Signaling scheme

All compounds of the type R3PF2 will have both fluorines occupying the axial sites, and thus their fluorine NMR spectra consist of but one signal (Scheme 7.9). 

Rawson NS, Rawson MJ. Acute adverse event signalling scheme using the Saskatchewan Administrative health care utilization datafiles results for two benzodiazepines. Can J Clin Pharmacol 1999 6(3) 159-66. 

To summarize the overall scenario, as extracellular calcium ion levels decline, the parathyroid gland increases its release of parathyroid hormone, thus increasing plasma Ca and restoring it to proper levels. Most cdJs of the body contain some elements of the preceding signaling scheme, as revealed at a later point in this section,... 

L. Gang, A. N. Akansu, and M. Ramkumar, Periodic signaling scheme in oblivious data hiding, in Proceedings of 34th Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Systems, and Computers, Asilomar, CA, USA, October 2000. 

Another report demonstrates the capability of providing quantitative information on the extent of conversion of a solid-phase material. This method may be applicable to a wide range of reaction chemistries and resin-supported materials. These authors use NMR to quantify the extent of the derivatization of functionalized polymeric material with a fluorinated substrate. Thus the rate of the reaetion of Merrifield resin with 2-lluo-rophenol was examined. At various time intervals portions of the reacting resins were removed and were exhaustively reacted with excess 4-lluo-rophenol. Analysis of the resin samples shows two signals (Scheme 2.9), one for the 2-fluoro derivative at -134 ppm and the other for the 4-fluoro derivative at -124ppm. Quantitative information on the extent of the reaction was obtained by measuring the relative intensities of the resin bound fluorine and a known concentration of an internal standard in solution, such as fluorobenzene. It was noted that there needed to be a sufficient time delay between the RF pulses so that the solid-phase and solution-phase nuclei would be similarly relaxed in the F NMR spectra. This method provided excellent correlation for resin-bound F atom content in samples containing 30 mg resin samples blended to various extents with 100% 2-fluorophenyl Merrifield ether and unfunctionalized Merrifield resin. This fluorophenol based assay was then used to optimize the attaehment of an epoxide to the Merrifield resin (Scheme 2.10). The alkylation reaetion was monitored at... 

Fascinating is the observation that when the reaction is performed in the probe of an NMR spectrometer, the cyclopropyl protons of the starting material increase in intensity initially while the vinyl protons intensity decreased and even became an emission signal. The absorption signals decrease in intensity at about the same rate as the consumption of the starting material. All the ethyl protons of the product showed enhanced adsorption while all the aromatic protons gave emission signals (Scheme 11.64). 

Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) A signaling scheme whereby the digital data modulates the amphtude of a carrier. 

Antipodal signaling A signaling scheme which represents the digital data as plus (logic 1) or minus (logic 0) a basic pulse shape. 

Binary signaling Any signaling scheme where the number of possible signals sent during any given signaling interval is two. 

Bit period The symbol duration for a binary signaling scheme. 

M-ary signaUng Any signaling scheme where the number of possible signals sent during any given signaling interval is M binary signaling is a special case with M = 2. MPSK uses M phases of a sinusoidal carrier. 

Figure 2.15 Signalling scheme of transformation from hyaluronan through receptor CD44 and into the cell, nucleus and genetic system...

Fig. 7 (a) Increased capacitance using Miller effect and (b) for fully differential-signaling scheme... 

For a fully differential-signaling scheme, the circuit should be modified as in Fig. 7(b). In this circuit, the gain of the amplifier should be greater than 3 to achieve the area reduction of the capacitance. The circuit of the proposed filter with Miller capacitance technique is presented in Fig. 8. 

Fig. 13. Two double resonance signals of C 2- Left signal scheme of 5a, right signal scheme of 5b with probe and pump coll inear.

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