Signal transduction abnormalities

Wang JF, Li PP et al. Signal transduction abnormalities in bipolar disorder in Bipolar Disorder Biological Models and their Clinical Application (Joffe RT and Young LT, Eds), Marcel Dekker, New York 1997, pp 41-79. 

Other human subjects with defective TP receptor agonist-stimulated platelet aggre-gation have been described (70-73), but a specific signal transduction abnormality has been defined in only one individual (73). 

Disorders of platelet secretion and signal transduction Abnormalities of Granules... 

Ataxia telangiectasia is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by neurologic, endocrine, and hepatic abnormalities, as well as a predisposition to malignancy (119). The defect has been traced to a gene on chromosome 11, the ATM gene that codes for a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-like protein which is related to the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase. This protein has a role in signal transduction, DNA repair, and control of the cell cycle (120). Affected patients have a defect in cell-mediated immunity. A decrease in semm IgA is seen in a majority of affected patients. IgG2 or total IgG and IgE levels may be decreased, with an increase in IgM. Patients are susceptible to chronic respiratory... 

FIGURE 5—60. The monoamine receptor hypothesis of depression posits that something is wrong with the receptors for the key monoamine neurotransmitters. Thus, according to this theory, an abnormality in the receptors for monoamine neurotransmitters leads to depression. Such a disturbance in neurotransmitter receptors may be caused by depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters, by abnormalities in the receptors themselves, or by some problem with signal transduction of the neurotransmitter s message from the receptor to other downstream events. Depicted here is the normal monoamine neuron with the normal amount of monoamine neurottansmitter and the normal amount of correctly functioning monoamine receptors. 

Spiegel AM, Shenker A, Weinstein LS. 1992. Receptor-effector coupling by G-proteins implications for normal and abnormal signal transduction. Endocrinol Rev 13 536-565. 

Lachman, H.M., and Papolos, D.F., 1989, Abnormal signal transduction A hypothetical model for bipolar affective disorder. Life Sci. 45 1413-1426. 

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