Siemens-Martin furnace

Siemens-Martin furnace-regenerator, 590 Sieve tray extractors, 483 capacity, 484,487 diameters, 483, 487 efliciency. 483.487 pulsed, 478,483,487 sizing example, 486 Sieve trays, 428 assembly in a tower, 428 comparison with other types, example, 431... 

Very high temperature operations such as those of production of glass or metals utilize single-hearth furnaces, often with heat regenerators for fuel economy. The Siemens-Martin furnace of Figure 17.30 (f) with a hearth 13 ft wide and 40 ft long has a production rate of lOtons/hr of steel with a residence time of... 

FIGURE 14.3 Operating details of an open hearth (Siemens-Martin) furnace for steel production. 

The first gas producer making low heat-value gas was built in 1832. (The product was a combustible carbon monoxide—hydrogen mixture containing ca 50 vol % nitrogen). The open-hearth or Siemens-Martin process, built in 1861 for pig iron refining, increased low heat-value gas use (see Iron). The use of producer gas as a fuel for heating furnaces continued to increase until the turn of the century when natural gas began to supplant manufactured fuel gas (see Furnaces, fuel-fired). 

Martin-. (Zron) Martin, open-hearth, -fluss-eisen, n. open-hearth iron, -fluss-stahl, m. open-hearth steel, -ofen, m. Martin furnace, open-hearth furnace, -ofenschlacke,/. open-hearth slag, -roheisen, n. open-hearth pig (iron). -Stahl, m. Martin steel (open-hearth steel). -stahlofeQ, m. open-hearth steel furnace. -verfahren, n. (Siemens-)Martin process, open-hearth process. 

Jet tappers are used in tapping Siemens-Martin (open hearth) furnaces. They are hollow charges, which are insulated from heat by earthenware jackets when detonated, the tapping channel is produced. Other lance-shaped charges are used to break up blast furnace hangups. 

These combustion developments were first tested for steelmaking in 1863 in France, under license from Siemens, by a father and son team, E. Martin and P. Martin. Siemens himself tested the furnace for this purpose in Wales, 3 years later, and both operations were pronounced a success. These are now often referred to as the Siemens-Martin process after their joint development. 

This kind of furnaces goes back to Siemens Martin regenerative furnaces invented and designed for steelmaking [1,6,7,13,14,18,41,42]. 

The second forerunner (and competitor for some time) of the basic oxygen furnace was the open hearth furnace [Siemens-Martin (SM) process], where the oxidative effect was achieved by addition of scrap, iron ore, lime, and some air, which release oxygen into the iron melt. 

Figure 6.5.3 World steel production and metallic charge (SM Siemens Martin, HBI hot briquetted iron, BF blast furnace. Adapted from Schmoele and Luengen (2007).

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