Shoulder arthroplasty/replacement

The number of shoulder arthroplasty procedures done yearly has grown from an estimated 5000 per year in the United States between 1990 and 1992 (Wirth and Rockwood, Jr. 1996) to around 15,000 per year between 2002 and 2003 (Jackson 2003). Of these, a substantial portion are hemiarthroplasties. The prevalence of hemiarthroplasties as a percentage of the total number of replacements ranges from 14% (Edwards et al. 2002) in a multicenter study of OA, to 65% in a study of fracture repair (Boileau et al. 2001), to 87% in the Swedish shoulder arthroplasty register started in 1999 (Rahme, Jacobsen, and Salomonsson 2(X)1). Dr. Charles Neer, II, the pioneer of tiie procedure, estimates that overall, aroimd 20% of shoulder replacements are hemiarthroplasties (2003). 

Ibarra C., D.M. Dines, and J.A. McLaughlin. 1998. Glenoid replacement in total shoulder arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am 29 403 13. 

Keller J. et al. Glenoid replacement in total shoulder arthroplasty. 

Guery J, et al. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Survivorship analysis of eighty replacements followed for five to ten years. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006 88(8) 1742-7. 

Bishop JY, Flatow EL. Humeral head replacement versus total shoulder arthroplasty clinical outcomes—a review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2005 14(1 Suppl. S) 141S-146S. 

AI2O3 and Zr02 are considered to be nonbioactive ceramics and are frequently used as the articular heads of total arthroplasties such as total hip prostheses, total shoulder prostheses, and maxillar articular replacements. No unwanted biological effects could be observed in vivo, and no cytotoxic effects have been evidenced in vitro for both compounds except for some formation of granuloma around wear particles of these materials. Oonishi et al. (1997) have also shown small amounts of new bone formation between AI2O3 particles in an experimental rabbit femoral defect model. 

Wirth M.A., and Rockwood C.A., Jr. 1996. Complications of total shoulder-replacement arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg 78 603-616. 

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