Shell and tube exchangers construction details

The shell and tube exchanger is by far the most common type of heat transfer equipment used in the chemical and allied industries. The advantages of this type are 

The configuration gives a large surface area in a small volume  

Good mechanical layout a good shape for pressure operation  

Clamp ring 11. Cross baffle or tube-support plate 

Fixed-tube sheet (tube plate) 12. Impingement baffle 

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The principal types of shell and tube exchanger are shown in Figures 12.3 to 12.8. Diagrams of other types and full details of their construction can be found in the heat-exchanger standards (see Section 12.5.1.). The standard nomenclature used for shell and tube exchangers is given below the numbers refer to the features shown in Figures 12.3 to 12.8. 

Figure 11-36 shows details of the construction of the TEMA types of shell-and-tube heat exchangers. These and other types are discussed in the following paragraphs. 

In a detailed process optimization study, the impact of the type of micromixers and process parameters was determined [56]. As a result, a pilot with a Toray Hi-mixer connected to a shell and tube microheat exchanger was constructed. Continuous operation for 24 h was carried out to obtain pentafluorobenzene (PFB) after protonation (92% yield). In this time, 14.7 kg of the product was produced, that is, about 5 t/a. Thus, the industrial-scale production carried out using a batch reactor (10 m3) can be replaced by adding only four microflow systems of the scale investigated. The pilot plant produces 0.5 kg in 6h continuous operation, thus about 730kg/a (see Figure 5.19). The name of the industrial company was not disclosed. 

Two-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger showing construction details. (Ross Heat Ixdtattgrr Division of American-Standard.)... 

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