Circuit series

The impedance of a series circuit of the type shown is simply the algebraic sum of the impedances of the individual elements ... 

Buzsaki, G., Geisler, C., Henze, D. A. and Wang, X. J. Interneuron diversity series circuit complexity and axon wiring economy of cortical interneurons. Trends Neurosci. 27 186-193,2004. 

SERIES CIRCUIT A method of bring hreworks electrically by connecting wirebridge fusehead igniters in series, i.e. one after the other, so that the current hows through each in turn. 

Figure 15.3 —Ionisation devices, a) Continuous current arc (globular technique). The electrodes are inserted in a series circuit having a variable resistor, a cell and a continuous power source of a few tens of volts b) Glow discharge device using argon (hollow cathode lamp type). Samples can be introduced as powders or non-conductive pellets.

In order to assess the effect of Cp on the conductance measurements, the analysis of the parallel RC network of Figure 8.9a may be carried out in a manner analogous to the series network discussed previously. The situation differs from the series circuit in that in this case, the voltage is the same across R and C, and the currents ic and iR in Cp and R are different. The instantaneous currents are given by... 

This circuit could represent, for instance, a flashlight. Notice that there is only one path that can be taken by the current, thus we call this a series circuit. Parallel circuits offer the current more than one path and will have junctions where wires intersect. Of course, circuits, and hence circuit diagrams, can get very complicated. As such, rules have been developed to help simplify or reduce circuits to equivalent circuits containing fewer components. 

Electrical Conductors and Insulators 264 Resistance 265 Conductance 266 Electrical Diagrams 266 Series Circuits 267 Parallel Circuits 268 Electrical Power 271 Electrical Energy 272... 

There is an equivalence between the differential equations describing a mechanical system which oscillates with damped simple harmonic motion and driven by a sinusoidal force, and the series L, C, R arm of the circuit driven by a sinusoidal e.m.f. The inductance Li is equivalent to the mass (inertia) of the mechanical system, the capacitance C to the mechanical stiffness and the resistance Ri accounts for the energy losses Cc is the electrical capacitance of the specimen. Fig. 6.3(b) is the equivalent series circuit representing the impedance of the parallel circuit. 

An alternative approach between the basic RSC series circuit and the De Levie model (TLM) is to consider a porous electrode as a whole capacitance by simply using the impedance data [20] ... 

The second meaning of the word circuit is related to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A key point in this spectroscopy is the fact that any -> electrochemical cell can be represented by an equivalent electrical circuit that consists of electronic (resistances, capacitances, and inductances) and mathematical components. The equivalent circuit is a model that more or less correctly reflects the reality of the cell examined. At minimum, the equivalent circuit should contain a capacitor of - capacity Ca representing the -> double layer, the - impedance of the faradaic process Zf, and the uncompensated - resistance Ru (see -> IRU potential drop). The electronic components in the equivalent circuit can be arranged in series (series circuit) and parallel (parallel circuit). An equivalent circuit representing an electrochemical - half-cell or an -> electrode and an uncomplicated electrode process (-> Randles circuit) is shown below. Ic and If in the figure are the -> capacitive current and the -+ faradaic current, respectively. 

There are two basic circuit connections series circuit and parallel circuit. If two or more circuit components are connected end to end, as shown in Figure 23a, they are connected in series. A series circuit has only one path for the electric current to ran through all of its components. If two or more circuit components are connected like the mngs of a ladder, as shown in Figure 23b, they are connected in parallel. A parallel circuit has different paths for the electric current through each of its components, with the same voltage across. 

Since the current to all the elements in a series circuit is the same, the accumulation of charge in every capacitor must be the same. Thus,... 

If ply - 1, then i p 1 s co and Cp becomes nearly frequency-independent. This would correspond to the uniform distribution case discussed above. The series circuit... 

Alternatively, the specimen may be regarded in terms of a series circuit. If the equivalent series components of capacitance and resistance are Cs and i s> respectively (see Fig. 5.2(b)), the total impedance will be given by... 

Finally, the moment arrives. Make sure eaeh trial is closely observed by one or more team members. Sometimes observations are more important than the data. In our example, the assembly of the electromagnets proves to be easier with parallel circuits than with series circuits. This is a key observation to note. 

Exhibit 50.4 shows the analysis from our electromagnet DOE. The four Parallel Circuit (-1-1) combinations averaged 19.25 force units. The four Series Circuit (—1) combinations averaged 7.25 force units. Thus, the effect of Circuit Type is 19.25 — 7.25 =... 

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