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Separations Based on a Change of State

Since an analyte and interferent are usually in the same phase, a separation often can be effected by inducing a change in one of their physical or chemical states. Changes in physical state that have been exploited for the purpose of a separation include liquid-to-gas and solid-to-gas phase transitions. Changes in chemical state involve one or more chemical reactions. [Pg.209]

When the sample is a solid, a separation of the analyte and interferent by sublimation may be possible. The sample is heated at a temperature and pressure below its triple point where the solid vaporizes without passing through the liquid state. The vapor is then condensed to recover the purified solid. A good example of the use of sublimation is in the isolation of amino acids from fossil mohusk shells and deep-sea sediments.  [Pg.209]

Boiling points versus composition diagram for a near-ideal solution, showing the progress of a distillation. [Pg.209]

Selected Examples of the Application of Distillation to the Separation of Inorganic Ions [Pg.210]

Other types of reactions can be used to chemically separate an analyte and interferent, including precipitation, electrodeposition, and ion exchange. Two important examples of the application of precipitation are the [Pg.210]


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