Sensors polymer electrospun

Nanofibers of conducting polymers such as those spun from polyaniline (PANi) are particularly well suited for use in conductivity sensors. Polymers commonly explored in sensor research include PANi, polythiophene (PT), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and polypyrrol (PPy), sometimes with other constituents, to enhance their sensing capability. Some of these such as PANi (Norris et al. 2000 Zhu et al. 2006a) and PPy (Kang et al. 2005 Nair et al. 2005) (as well as their hlends), can be readily electrospun into nanofibers. Polyaniline is somewhat unique in that its doped state can be controlled by the pH of the medium, allowing it to exist either as the emaraldine base or as the salt (Scheme 8.1). Simple acids and... 

Long Y, Chen H, Yang Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Li N, Li K, Pei J, Liu F (2009) Electrospun nanofibrous film doped with a conjugated polymer for DNT fluorescence sensor. Macromolecules 42 6501-6509... 

Yoon J, Chae SK, Kim J-M. Colorimetric sensors for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based on conjugated polymer-embedded electrospun fibers. J Am Chem Soc 2007 129 3038-3039. 

Figure 4.21 Normalized resistance of individual electrospun HCSA-doped polyaniline nanofibers to various alcohols (a) methanol (Ct), (b) ethanol (O) snd (c) 2-propanol (A). The response of a sensor made from several nanofibers to methanol (m) is also indicated in (a) and shows lower magnitude changes when compared to the response from individual nanofibers. The inset to (a) shows the normalized resistance of a cast film of the same polymer with and without the addition of PEO. The films have a slower response time, but similar overall behavior compared to that of the nanofiber indicating that PEO has no effect on the response to methanol. (Reprinted with permission from Sensors and Actuators B., Electric response of isolated electrospun polyaniline nanofibers to vapors of aliphatic alcohols by N. J. Pinto, i. Ramos, R. Rojas eta ., 129, 621-627. Copyright (2008) Elsevier Ltd)...

A. S. Haynes and P. 1. Gouma, Electrospun conducting polymer-based sensors for advanced pathogen detection. Sens. J., IEEE, 8, 701-705 (2008). 

Nunes-Pereira, J., Sencadas, V, Correia, V, Rocha, J.G., Lanceros-M ndez, S., 2013. Energy harvesting performance of piezoelectric electrospun polymer fibers and polymer/ceramic composites. Sensors Actuat. A Phys. 196,55-62. 

The electric response of isolated PANI fibers to vapors of aliphatic alcohols depends on the laige surfece-to-volume ratio, the uniformity of diameter, and the quantity of active material. The sensor constructions are comparable to or faster than those prepared from nanofiber mats of the same polymer. Also, the sensors made from individual fibers exhibit larger responses, especialty for bigger alcohol molecules, and also show true saturation upon exposure and removal of the alcohol vapor. The response of sensors made from electrospun nanofibers to small alcohol molecules is opposite to that observed for cast nanofiber mats, which can be related to the doping process used in the preparation of the polymer in either case. ... 

Electrospun nanofibers of several polymers, among others PVB were used in a surface acoustic wave resonator (30). The surface acoustic wave resonator is used as an ultrafast response humidity sensor. 

Several other examples of gas sensors based on polymer nanofibers are listed in Table 2.2. In particular. Ding et al. (2004a) used electrospun nanofibrous membranes on QCM electrodes as highly sensitive NH3... 

Pinto N, Ramos I, Rojas R, Wang P, Johnson A Jr (2008) Electric response of isolated electrospun polyanUine nanofibers to vapors of aliphatic alcohols. Sens Actuators B Chem 129 621-627 Raible I, Burghard M, Schlecht U, Yasuda A, Vossever T (2005) VjOj nanofibers novel gas sensors with extremely high sensitivity and selectivity to amines. Sens Actuators B Chem 106 730-735 Ramanathan K, Bangar MA, Yun M, Chen W, Mulchandani A, Myung N (2004) Individually addressable conducting polymer nanowires array. Nano Lett 4 1237-1239... 

Explosive Detection by Fluorescent Electrospun Polymer Membrane Sensor... 

In this chapter, the on-going research into the effects of the polymeric system on the performance of the fluorescent electrospun polymer nmutfibrous membrane sensors for the detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene are discussed. 

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