Sensitivity to Flame

Primary explosives differ in the way they respond when subjected to flame and, based on this type of response, may be divided into two groups. The explosives in the first group bum when initiated by flame and may, but do not have to, undergo transition to detonation. The detonation then propagates further with stable detonation velocity if such transition occurs. The typical substances in this group are MF, HMTD, TATP, and DDNP. This group is sometimes called a merctuy fulminate group. [Pg.32]

The second group, the so-called lead azide group, does not exhibit a predetonation zone under normal conditions. Initiation by flame results in practically instantaneous detonation. The typical members of this group include, besides lead azide, also silver fulminate and silver azide. Explosives of both groups—MF group as well as LA group—detonate when initiated by shock wave [24]. [Pg.32]

It can be clearly seen from Fig. 2.22 that the sensitivity of LA to flame is lower compared to other primary explosives. This is the reason why it is in some applications mixed with other primary explosives with high flame sensitivity, such as LS. [Pg.33]

Urbanski, T. Qiemie a technologie vybusin. SNTL, Praha (1959) [Pg.33]

Technologie vybusin. Vedecko-technicke nakladatelstvi, Praha (1950) [Pg.33]

Sensitiveness to Flame. See under Ignition and Explosion of MeN by Flame Sensitiveness to Initiation. MeN is more sensitive, than NG. For example, when it is initiated with a No 1 cap, under w tamping, the detonation effectiveness is equal to 88% of that with a No 8 cap, while NG under the same conditions gives only 33% effectiveness Toxicity and Fire Explosion Hazards are briefly discussed in Refs 11 12 Uses It can be used as a gelatinizer of collod cotton in commercial expls, but its high volatility is objectionable (Ref 2, p 208). Has been used in some rocket propints (Refs 11 12) Method of analysis of MeN is described by Vandoni (Ref 10)... [Pg.129]

Many other methods of making lead azide in a safe form have been described, but the only one to have found commercial importance consists of replacing the dextrine by a small proportion of gelatine. When properly made this form of lead azide is as safe to handle as the dextrinated form and has improved sensitiveness to flame. It can therefore be used by itself in electric and delay detonators, but not in plain detonators as it is not ignited with certainty by safety fuse. [Pg.97]

The initiating explosive used must ignite with certainty from the spit of a safety fuse. It must be remembered that the intensity of the spit can be reduced if the safety fuse is not cut squarely and also that the fuse may in practice not always be fully inserted into the detonator. Lead azide by itself is not sufficiently easily ignited to give a satisfactory plain detonator and it is therefore used in admixture with lead styphnate, which is very readily ignited by flame. The proportions of such mixtures vary from 25 to 50% of lead styphnate. Mercury fulminate and diazodinitrophenol are sufficiently sensitive to flame not to require such additives. [Pg.101]

Signal can be very sensitive to flame characteristics. Limited range of applications. [Pg.333]

The sensitivity to a flame can be affected by deposits of IR and UV absorbing materials on the lens if not frequently maintained. The IR channel can be blinded by ice particles on the lens. While the UV channel can be blinded by oil and grease on the lens. Smoke and some chemical vapors will cause reduced sensitivity to flames. UV/IR detectors require a flickering flame to achieve an IR signal input. The ratio type will lock out when an intense signal source such as arc welding or high steady state IR source is very nearby. [Pg.182]

Hemispherical Iron Dish Test. See test b) in Vol 1, p XXIII under "SENSITIVITY TO FLAME, HEAT , etc... [Pg.304]

Sensitivity to Flame, Heat, Sparks, Electrostatic Discharges, etc. Several tests are described in Vol 1, pp XXII XXffi and some are just listed together with their refs... [Pg.307]

Detonators) XXII (SENSITIVITY TO FLAME, SPARK, ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGES, ETC) XXIII [Sensitivity to Initiation by Primary (Initiating) Explosives, Detonators and Boosters, Tests] XXIV (Small Lead Block Compression Test is described in Vol 3 of Encycl, p C493-L) XXIV (Small Lead Block Expansion Test is briefly described under Trauzl Test) XXIV (Sound Test for Detonators) XXIV (Strength of Detonators. See under INITIATING EFFICIENCY, p XVIII) XXIV (Surveillance Tests) XXIV (Taliani Test) XXV (Trauzl Test) XXVI (Vacuum Stability Test) p A2 (Abel s or Kl-Starch Test) p A573-L (Ball Drop Test for detg sensitivity of LA or other primary expls)... [Pg.1105]

Mercury Fulminate Wet Sensitive to flame and sparks Saturated sodium thiosulfate... [Pg.11]

Lead Azide do Sensitive to flame and sparks. Ammonium acetate... [Pg.11]

Lead Styphnate do Sensitive to flame and to static Sodium carbonate... [Pg.11]

DDNP do Sensitive to flame Cold sodium hydroxide... [Pg.11]

Fire Resistance Tests. They include the tests described in Vol 1, pp XXII XXIII, under "SENSITIVITY TO FLAME, HEAT, SPARKS, ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGES, ETC. The following tests were developed at die USBurMines a) Fuse Test Hemispherical Iron Dish Test and c) Red Hot Iron Test... [Pg.413]

Modem artillery primers also include a charge of penthrite and lead azide sensitized to flame by the addition of lead styphnate or tetrazene. [Pg.233]

BM Apparatus, 1kg wt 30 cm with 20 mg sample (Phillips gave 68 cm with 2 kg wt) Initiating Efficiency 0.4 g of LNDR did not initiate Tetryl pressed at 3000 psi Minimum Detonating Charge of MF - 0.24 g Sensitivity to Flame -deflagrates Sensitivity to Spit of BkPdr Fuse -deflagrates Vacuum Stability at 1200 - exploded in 73 mins... [Pg.169]

This compd is more powerful and less sensitive than AgjCj. Its rate of deton is higher than that of Ag, but the brisance is almost the same. It is extremely sensitive to flame, less sensitive to impact than MF and less sensitive to friction than LA. It detonates according to the equation ... [Pg.80]

Hemispherical Iron-Dish Test is one of the Fixe Resistance Tests described under Sensitivity to Flame, Hear, Sparks, etc Tests... [Pg.713]

Sensitiveness to flame. Attention has been paid recently (Andreyev [98]) to the fact that there is little precise information available concerning the sensitiveness of nitroglycerine to flame and its ability to bum. Naoiim states in his book [22] that nitroglycerine is difficult to ignite, yet bums readily. Unquestionably nitroglycerine bums without difficulty in the open air. However, it behaves otherwise when confined. [Pg.56]

It is not hydrolysed by water but reacts quantitatively with NaOH to yield sodium perchlorate and fluoride. It oxidizes iodides to iodine. Perchloryl fluoride reacts with ammonia to yield ammonium perchlorylamide NH4NHCIO3 [45a]. It reacts with potassium and caesium hydroxide to yield crystalline precipitates of K2NCIO3 and CS2NCIO3. It is isomorphous with metal sulphates, is explosive and very sensitive to flame, shock and friction. [Pg.489]

E.von Herz et al.GerP 708238(1941) CA 37,2938(1943) (A priming compn, sensitive to flame, impact or friction, is made of a mixt of a nitrate, a tetra-, penta- or hexahydric alcohol, Tetracene ... [Pg.196]

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