Sensitivity integrated

A Fast and Sensitive Integrated Young Interferometer Biosensor... 

The films obtained at the lower loadings are flexible and the conductivity is stable under reasonable deformation. Films containing a few percent of TTF-TCNQ (tetrathiafulvalene) have been produced commercially as an antistatic film for the wrapping of charge-sensitive integrated circuits. 

A universaUy useful parameter for a chemical reaction is the reaction enthalpy produced by this reaction. If heat is the input signal for the transducer, the interface between specifier and transducer in a biosensor is easily defmed and independent from the mechanism of the chemical reaction occuring at the specimen This theoretically makes calorimetry almost universally appUcable to biosensor development. In practice, however, the usefulness of this approach is severely limited by heat generated from other sources than the specific chemical reaction and by thermal eddies in the sample solution. Three types of transducers have been employed in experimental devices, thermistors [26, 27], thermopiles [28, 29], and temperature sensitive integrated circuits [30]. 

In addition to adsorption, issues to be addressed for the routine use of microchips for clinical analysis include the development of lower cost, compact instrumentation for detection on microchips. Shrinivasan et al. detailed the development of a miniaturized LIF detector applicable for fluorescent detection of DNA on microchips, which could also be applied to proteins with the necessary fluorescent tags. By replacing the argon-ion laser with a diode laser, the cost and power requirements were significantly decreased, with only a small loss in sensitivity. Integration of fluid flow and mixing... 

The fact that recycling tends to increase the disturbance sensitivity of a plant is well known, see e.g., [2]. However, as seen from the reactor-separator example above, the increase applies only at low frequencies, while the recycling in fact may have the opposite effect at higher frequencies. This can be explained using the well known Bode Sensitivity Integral [16]... 

The WRFC provides a fast input based on local flux measurement, whereas the N-16 Chamber provides a delayed, cooling-flow sensitive integral value of the core power... 

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