Semiconductors studies

Yu M L and DeLouise L A 1994 Surface chemistry on semiconductors studied by molecular beam reactive scattering Surf. Sc/. Rep. 19 285-380... 

We can pose a number of general questions about such nano-semiconductor studies, and offer brief answers to each, before considering specific studies as examples ... 

The work on muonium in Si is distinguished from that on other semiconductors in several respects. Not only was Si the first semiconductor studied, and it is the best understood semiconductor from a muonium point of view, but the importance of hydrogen and hydrogen complexes in Si, to which the muonium studies are relevant, is greatest. Much of the early work on Si predates the new spectroscopic methods described in the previous section. Since most of this early work, along with muon-decay channeling, has been reviewed by Patterson (1988), only the essential points will be included here to put into context the more recent spectroscopic developments. 

P. Schwander, W. D. Rau, C. Kisielowski, M. Grihelyuk, and A. Ourmazd, Defect Processes in Semiconductors Studied at the Atomic Level by Transmission Electron Microscopy... 

The photoelectrochemistry of semiconductors studies processes of various nature that occur at a semiconductor-electrolyte solution interface under the action of electromagnetic radiation (mainly in the visible, UV and IR regions). These processes include ... 

The overwhelming majority of colloidal semiconductors studied to date are metal oxides and chalcogenides with the greatest interest being shown in the chemically durable titanium dioxide. In turn, most of the research... 

CdS and GaAs are compound semiconductors studied extensively with respect to lattice disorder and changes of the electrical properties produced during ion bombardment. 

Rettenberger A., Eeiderer P., Probst M. and Haight R. (1997), Ultrafast electron transport in layered semiconductors studied with femtosecond-laser photoemission , Phys. Rev. B 56, 12092-12095. 

Humic acids, soil Chemiluminescence studies during photooxidation Semiconductor studies... 

For the case of the strong-coupling regime in a semiconductor, studies show (74)... 

Thallium is used in photoelectric cells, in semiconductor studies, and in low-range glass thermometers. It is alloyed with many metals. Many of its salts are nsed as rodent... 

The few surface studies reported suggest the presence of a considerable density of surface and gap states in the amorphous semiconductors studied. Kastner and Fritzsche (1970) found that one monolayer of H2O adsorbed on a 1000 A thick film of chalcogenide alloy increases its conductance by less than one percent. Amorphous Ge evaporated at room temperature is porous to H2 0 so that a large area of internal surfaces can be covered with water. A density of 5 X 10 H2 0/cm absorbed in a 1000 A thick Ge film produced an increase in conductance by only 10 percent. These small changes contrast strongly with the behavior of crystalline semiconductors. They suggest a large density of surface and gap states. 

To solve the Kohn-Sham equations with pseudopotentials, the standard approach is to expand the electron wavefunctions by a plane wave set in reciprocal space lattice vectors. The electron structure is obtained by diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix. This basis set has been mostly employed for semiconductor studies because of the relatively smooth pseudopotentials and delocalized electron wavefunctions of these systems. There are several advantages for using plane waves. The Hamiltonian matrix elements are simple to evaluate. Test of convergence in the basis expansion can be done by simply increasing the number of plane waves used. Moreover, the calculation of Hellmann-Feynman forces is the less involved in a plane wave basis. 

It is also necessary to take into acconnt that the process of solid electrolyte doping differs from the doping process peculiar to semiconductors. Studies of doping solid electrolytes resulted in some general rules with regard to the effect on the transport and phase stability properties (Weppner 2000). 

Ti02 has shown, so far, the best photocatalytic performance of all the inorganic semiconductors studied in the catalysed photodegradation of pesticides, and titania nanomaterials have been successfully used for the degradation of several classes of pollutants (pesticides, chlorinated aromatics, etc.), leading in some cases to complete mineralisation. However, these contrast, with the high cost of separation of the catalysts. 

The situation depicted in Figure 5 is the one that describes most of the n-type semiconductors studied to date. For these semiconductors, an external bias is required to generate H2 and O2 in a semiconductor-metal photoelectrolysis cell the further Ufb lies below H+/H2, the greater the bias. The bias can Be applied either by an external voltage source or by immersing the anode in base and the cathode in acid (the two compartments being separated by a membrane). ... 

G. Langouche Ion implantation in semiconductors studied by Mbssbauer Spectroscopy , Hyperfine Interactions 45 (1989) 199-216. 

Vanmaekelbergh D, de Jongh PE (2000) Electron transport in disordered semiconductors studied by a small harmonic modulation of the steady state. Phys Rev B 61 4699-4707... 

Since the valence band of all the semiconductors studied so far, occurs considerably below the standard potential, this reaction is a conduction band pro-... 

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