Selectivity curves

Fig. 10. Selectivity curves A—D for Sephadex G-75, G-lOO, G-150, and G-200, respectively, for globular proteins.

Use the selection curves provided by the manufacturer (virhich are almost the same for all manufacturers) (see Figure 8.11). For a design power of 143 kW to be transmitted at 980 r.p.m., the recommended cross-section of belts according to these curves is identified as D. 

FIGURE 2.2 Selectivity curve of Superdex 7S, HR 10/30, as compared to a hypothetical single pore-size support. , experimental data from dextran fractions calculated for a SEC medium having a single pore radius of 60 A. [Reproduced from Hagel (1996), with permission.]... 

FIGURE 2.3 Selectivity curves of various modem SEC media. (I) Superdex peptide, (2) Superdex 7S, (3) Superdex 200, (4) Superose 12. (S) Superose 6, (6) Sephacryl S-lOO HR. (7) Sephacryl S-200 HR, (8) Sephacryl S-300 HR, and (9) Sephacryl S-400 HR. (Reproduced with permission of Amersham Pharmacia Biotech.)... 

FIGURE 7.1 Selectivity curve of Fractogel EMD BioSEC (S). A Superformance 600-16 column (V, 121.6 ml 41 I ml) was used with a linear flow rate of 30 cm/hr utilizing 20 m/VI sodium phosphate... 

Nevertheless, the interpretation of the calibration curve in the form of a selectivity curve is an excellent tool for the comparison of the separation effectivity for columns of different origin. 

Fig. 5-8. McCabe-Thiele diagram for a

Figures 6-26A and B give q pical good estimating selection curves for single-stage ejectors. Table 6-9 gives evacuation factors.

More severe conditions, i.e.,a higher T, Is needed to exclude Cu from this kind of Interfering and this situation would lead to a parallel shift of the selectivity curves to higher temperatures, exactly as observed experimentally (see figure 4). When the Ft/Cu catalysts are compared with Ft at the same temperature, an Increased hydrogenolytlc selectivity Is observed. A metal like Re or Ir, when alloyed with Ft, can play a very similar role like Cu. 

Figure 5. The influence of the Ru particles size on the hydrocarbon selectivities Curve 1, distribution for a mean-particle size of 1.5 nm Curve 2, distribution for a mean-particle size of 10 nm initial pressure, 20 bar HJCO = 4/1 reaction temperature,200°C...

By carrying out selective CO oxidation with some addition of C02 and H20 to the feed gas over a similar nanostructured CTy.Cej x02 catalyst prepared by a coprecipitation method [56], 15 vol% of C02 in the feed gas decreases the activity of the catalyst. Under these conditions the same values of activity and selectivity were obtained at temperatures 15 to 35°C higher. The addition of 10 vol% of H20 shifted the activity and selectivity curves to temperatures 20 to 40°C higher with respect to the curves where only CO, 02, H2, and He were used in the feed. 

Product selectivity curves for gas-oil cracking on a Beta zeolite with a nominal Si/Al ratio of 10 and 27 are compared in Figures 8 and 9 with those for HY zeolites with framework Si/Al ratios of 7.7 and 35, respectively. 

Figure 8. Comparison of selectivity curves for gas-oil cracking on an H-Beta with Si/Al=10 (open circles) and a HY with Si/Al= 7.7 (continuous line).

Fig. 5. Library size and diversity can be explored in a single run using the MoSELECT program. The family of solutions found is shown by the solid squares and is superimposed on the SELECT curve repeated from Fig. 4.

Scheme 3.4-3. Typical selectivity curves of the titration of a catalytical process for the stepwise twofold assodation of ligand L to the intermediate M (Fig. 1), the association of L to two intermediates M and N at equilibrium (Fig. 2) and the assodation of L to two intermediates M and N being not at equilibrium (Fig. 3) (kinetic separation)...

Another interesting observation from the data in Figure 2 was the effect of the catalyst concentration on the aldehyde selectivity (curves 2 in 2a-c). As mentioned earlier, at this moderate reaction temperature, the only by-product present in measurable quantities was hexanoic acid, formed as a product of the over-oxidation of 2. Contrary to what was reported in the literature for other TEMPO based oxidations of alcohols (20,21), the current catalyst system, particularly at higher... 

On the basis of the method described above, the PAPA machine (i.e., Probabilistic Automatic Pattern Analyser — a combination of photocamera/interface/ computer) has been developed by Amoore, Palmieri and Wanke 4,8), and applied in a study of ant alarm pheromone activity. The 36 radii used for hand calculation of A are substituted within PAPA by a reproducible collection of 4096 randomly selected curves. 

Figure 2 Two-component selectivity curves obtained from competition experiments.

An interesting area for further investigation lies in the field of inclusion compounds which contain different guests. In cases where the selectivity curve is concentration dependent, crystals that occur in the sharply vertical portion of the curve often give rise to a solid solution of the guests incorporated in the host structure (Figure 9). 

When the reduction is performed at — 0.65 volt (SCE), the potential never reaches a value where the second electrode reaction can take place the reduction is selective. Curves b and c are polarograms taken when about half of and most of 7 is reduced to 8. The height of the first wave, which is a measure of the concentration of 7, decreases, whereas that of the second wave does not. In the present case the height of the second wave actually increases somewhat, which may be connected with adsorption phenomena or the change in medium as a result of the reduction of 7 to 8. 

FIGURE 4.15 Types of size selectivity curves. Taken from Klumpar et al. [25, pp. 17-19]. 

The effects of bypass on size selectivity are shown in Figure 4.15. Bypass reporting to the fine stream changes curve b to curve c. Bj ass reporting to the coarse stream moves from curve b to curve c. Comminution of the particles in a classifier will give rise to a size selectivity curve such as d. 

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