Segmentation methods

Segmentation method based on the analysis by Co-Occurrence Matrix is developed. We try to increase the quality of the obtained results by means of the application of two dimensional (2D) processing. We use Co-Occurrence Matrix for ultrasonic image segmentation. This tool, introduced by Haralick (1), was selected for the present study as several general considerations were favourable ... 

In fixed circle segmentation method, a circle of constant diameter is drawn on all the spots in the microarray images (Fig. 11.19, see Plate 9 for color version). This method is easy to implement however, the fixed circle segmentation is inefficient as spots of same size and shape rarefy occur. 

FIGURE 11.21 Spot finding using adaptive circle segmentation method. 

Continuous segmented methods avoid carry-over by use of air bubbles establishing physical separations (segments) along the continuous flowing stream. These methods were invented by Skeggs [1] and formed the basis of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer. They are now also implemented on Skalar assembhes. Samples are introduced sequentially by aspiration with a moving articulated pipette. 

The thresholding-based segmentation is the simplest segmentation method but it works well if the objects have uniform gray level clearly distinguishable from the background that must have a different but uniform gray level with respect to the objects. 

Improved micropropagation of ipecac through adventitious shoot formation on cultured root segments (Method III)... 

Cahen PM, Nanopoulos F, Frank RM Application of the segmentation method to an oral epidemiological study. J Biol Buccale 1975 3 233-245. 

FD methods are point approximations, because they focus on discrete points. In contrast, finite element methods focus on the concentration profile inside one grid element. As an example of these segment methods, orthogonal collocation on finite elements (OCFE) is briefly discussed below. 

An overview of the different types of discontinuity used in automatic methods and their characteristics is presented in Table 7.1. The most common discontinuity in discrete and robotic methods is the absence of flow, which involves keeping the samples in separate vessels for measurement. On the other hand, automatic continuous methods use very different kinds of discontinuity or do not use one at all. The discrete nature of segmented methods is determined by the presence of bubbles and wash cycles as a means of avoiding carryover, whereas that of unsegmented methods is dictated by the manner in which the sample —and reagent— is introduced into the system. There is only a single type of method using no discontinuity completely continuous flow analysis (CCFA). 

Although Pb is strongly correlated with Mn, the Pb/Mn ratio is not constant, but instead shows two different trends. Application of the population-segmentation method showed that the upper branch represents the material in the rind, while the lower branch, which itself seems to be split, represents the interior. 

---