Segmental subdivisions

Figure 2.24 Geometry of the microstructured plates (left) and subdivision of the flow domain into channel segments (right) as considered in [116].

The same pharmacogenomics-based subdivision of disease populations that stands to help Big Pharma narrow its focus will also lead to market segmentation that opens the door for smaller entities to move into the pharmaceutical business. Traditionally, the costs of research, development, clinical trials, and marketing for drugs have been so staggering and the risks of... 

Scheme 2 Subdivision of Ribonuclease A into Smaller Segments...

In order to model large industrial reactive separation units, a proper subdivision of a column apparatus into smaller elements is usually necessary. These elements (the so-called stages) are identified with real trays or segments of a packed column. They can be described using different theoretical concepts, with a wide range of physicochemical assumptions and accuracy. 

When account is taken of the excluded volume effects, one has also to take into account the possible effect of the shielding of the inner segments of the macromolecular coil, the latter effect being the greater the longer the macromolecule, so that the expression for the anisotropy coefficient, which has to be covariant in relation to subdivisions into subchain, assumes the form... 

Redies, C. and Takeichi, M. 1996. Cadherine in the developing central nervous system an adhesive code for segmental and functional subdivisions. Developmental Biology, 180,413-423. 

EP is frequently defined nowadays as GPi (or medial GP) also in rodents, adopting in rodents the subdivision of the GP in two segments (cf. the rat atlases of Paxinos and Watson (1998) and Swanson (1992) cf. also the mouse atlases of Hof et al. (2000) and Paxinos and Franklin (2001)). The majority of neurons of both the GP divisions are large and fusiform or triangular, with very long, thick, smooth and sparsely branching dendrites (see for reviews Heimer et al., 1995, and Gerfen, 2004). The term ventral pallidum refers to the ventral or subcommissural part of the pallidal complex (see Section 7). 

Different relaxation functions are derived assuming that the actual (physical) ensemble of relaxation times is confined between the upper and lower limits of self-similarity. In this respect, the temporal fractal differs from a geometrical fractal (e.g., Cantor dust) for which only an upper limit (i.e., the initial segment before its subdivision) is assumed to exist. It is predicted that at times, shorter than the relaxation time at the lowest (primitive) self-similarity level the... 

Many of the segmentation genes that determine the periodic subdivisions of the ectoderm are also involved in generating the mesodermal A and P domains, as well as in the resulting diversification of tissues in the trunk mesoderm. For example, mutations in pair-rule genes that reduce the number of ectodermal parasegments in half also produce half the number of mesodermal parasegments. Notably, null mutations... 

Fig. 5. Segmental Domains of Gene Expression in the Hindbrain. Schematic representation of the subdivision of the hindbrain into seven rhombomeres and their spatial relationship with the branchial arches (ba). The primary segmental domains of gene expression in the hindbrain during 8.5-9.5 dpc are often confined to individual rhombomeres, pairs of rhombomeres or alternating rhombomere segments. Hoxal is not expressed after 7.5 dpc. Darker blocks of color indicate upregulation or higher relative levels of expression in an individual rhombomere. Ov, otic vesicle. (See Color Insert.)...

Puelles, L., Milan, J.F., Martinez-de-la-Torre, M. 1996. A segmental map of architectonic subdivisions in the diencephalon of the frog Rana perezi acetylcholinesterase-histochemical observations. Brain Behav. Evol. 47, 279-310. 

In these last two formulas, the number of segments generated by k repetitions of the subdivision procedure is treated as a function of the initial state No and the relative length r /ro of the resulting subsegments. The latter of these plays the role of a generalized time, marking the number of repetitions. The power-law formula (5.2) and the functional equation (5.5)... 

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