Segmental artery

Uchida H, Ohishi H, Matsuo N (1990) Transcatheter hepatic segmental arterial embolization using Lipiodol mixed with an anticancer drug and Gelfoam particles for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 13 140... 

Segmental arteries supply the spine with blood, including the vertebral bodies, paraspinal muscles, dura, nerve roots, and spinal cord. All these tissues, with the exception of the spinal cord, receive their blood supply from segmental arteries (one on each side) or their equivalents. In particular, the segmental supply of the thoracolumbar region is derived from intercostal and lumbar arteries arising from... 

The radicular arteries are the first branches of the dorsal division of the segmental arteries and their regional equivalents. The blood supply of the bony spine consists of arteries, which come directly off the segmental and radicular arteries. Anterior central arteries derive from the segmental artery and supply the anterior and anterolateral portions of the vertebral body. The radicular arteries usually provide the blood supply to the posterior portion of the vertebral body via posterior central arteries and the arch via prelaminar arteries. Thus, the vertebral body is mainly supplied by posterior and anterior... 

Fig. 17.1a,b. Contrast-enhanced spinal MR angiography, sagittal views, a First phase the segmental arteries are visible (arrowhead), note the bright enhancement of the aorta, b Second phase the accompanying veins arise (arrow)... 

Fig. 17.3. Selective spinal DSA in a 59-year-old woman, p.a. projection. Injection of the 12th left thoracic segmental artery. Filling of the radiculomedullary arteries T12 and T10 on the left side (arrows) and the anterior spinal artery system. Collateral filling of the right-sided segmental arteries via retrocorpo-ral anastomoses (arrowheads). These extradural anastomoses can compensate for focal vessel occlusions at the level of the radicular artery...

Fig. 17.11. SDAVF supplied from the left 1st lumbar segmental artery, T2-weighted sagittal and axial MR images. In this case, the perimedullary arterialized veins are not very impressive (arrowhead). Note the peripheral hypointensive rim adjacent to the cord hyperintensity, a typical finding in SDAVF (arrows)...

Spinal DSA is still required to demonstrate the fistula and the supplying segmental artery. Recent developments in MR angiography will help to define non-invasively the level of the fistula (Farb et al. 

To identify the location of cord-supplying segmental arteries before aortic surgery can help to reduce the risk of spinal cord ischemia. Monitoring of somatosensory-evoked responses contrib-... 

Differences in segmental arterial supply probably also impact on the risk of infarction. The rectum is likely to tolerate embolization better than other regions since it has a dual blood supply with the superior hemorrhoidal artery off of the inferior mesenteric artery and middle hemorrhoidal arteries arising from the internal iliac circulation. This translates into increased potential for collateral blood flow and thus decreased risk of ischemia. The cecum may be more prone to ischemia since there is not a well developed arcade along the mesenteric border of the cecum and instead there are separate anterior and posterior cecal branches. The tissue supplied by these individual branches may be more susceptible to ischemia and in fact infarction of the cecum (even after microcatheter embolization) has been reported [13]. 

Fig. 17.3a-c. Simple form of PAVM. The simple PAVM is supplied by one segmental artery. The artery to the aneurysmal sac may consist of a single branch (a), multiple branches (b) or multiple branches arising proximally from the same segmental artery (c). (Reproduced from [76], with permission)... 

Fig. 17.4. Complex form of PAVM. The complex PAVM is supplied by two or more segmental arteries. (Reproduced from [76], with permission)...

Fig. 17.5a,b. Diffuse PAVMs. a CT obtained at the level of both lower lobes shows multiple PAVMs involving both lungs, b Selective injection of pulmonary artery to the middle lobe confirms that all segmental arteries supply small PAVMs. Note that multiple large PAVMs have already been embolization with coils... 

Fig. 17.14a-c. Embolization of a simple form of PAVM. a Selective injection shows a simple form of PAVM with the aneurysmal sac (S) supplied by one segmental artery (arrow). The draining vein is seen (V). b After embolization with coils, complete occlusion is seen, c Chest radiograph obtained 6 months after embolization shows retraction of the PAVM... 

Rosenberg N, Gaughran E, Henderson J, et al. The use of segmental arterial implants prepared by enzymatic modification of heterologous blood vessels. Surg Forum 1956 6 242. 

Fig. 24.3. a Oblique coronal MIP (3 mm) for excellent depiction of anterior spinal artery, ASA (J), and AKA (2). b MIP of a curved MPR with bone removal demonstrating a general view at the segmental arteries in one image and with depiction of... 

AbuRahma AF, et al. Lower Extremity Arterial Evaluation Are segmental arterial blood pressures worthwhile Surgery 1995 118 496-503. 

The junctional parenchymal defect should not be mistaken for a renal scar. The segmental arteries have no collateral circulation. The sonographic appearance of the kidneys for the first 6 months differs from that later in life. 

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