SEDRA

Klug and Schaefer105 extended CEDRA (Controlled-SEDRA, Simple Excitation for the Dephasing of Rotation-Echo Amplitude), which was used for heteronuclear systems, to homonuclear systems. This is named T-CEDRA. Distance can be measured but no definite information about the orientations can be obtained with T-CEDRA. 

Ref. [i] Sedra AS, Smith KC (2004) Microelectronic circuits, 5th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford [ii] Horowitz P, Hill W (1990) The art of electronics, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Chap. 5... 

Prior TW, Bartolo C, Pearl DK, Papp AC, Snyder PJ> Sedra MS, et al. Spectrum of small mutations in the dystrophin coding region. Am J Hum Genet 1995 57 22-33. 

RF-driven Dipolar Recoupling (RFDR) and Simple Excitation for the Dephasing of the Rotational Echo Amplitudes (SEDRA)... 

Fig. 21. Pulse sequences of (a) SEDRA, (b) RFDR, (c) CEDRA, and (d) modified version of the basic RFDR sequence where delays of duration krr are inserted between sets of tt pulses. ...

Bennett et al. have given a thorough discussion of SEDRA/RFDR-type experiments in ref. 104, where they covered influences from finite pulses, insufficient proton decoupling, and multi-spin interactions, and introduced a modified version of the basic RFDR sequence with delays of duration kr incorporated between sets of four tt pulses (see Fig. 2Id). This modification recouples weak dipolar coupling interactions only at the conditions n/kyjJt, which avoids the conditions (o A =znu>r) if n/k is not an... 

Fig. 24. (a) Two-dimensional transverse-echo SEDRA with t-SEDRA in the mixing time. The phase of the ir/2 pulse is altered with x and y (reproduced from Weintraub et with permission), (b) Two-dimensional homonuclear correlation (RFDR). The Till pulses set up longitudinal exchange. Mixings accompanied by rotor-synchronized IT pulses. (Reproduced from Benett et al with permission.)... 

Roberts, G and Sedra, A., SPICE, Oxford University Press, New York, 1996. 

The HREEL spectrometer used in this work (Sedra system from l.S.A. Riber, France) is composed of two 180 hemispherical electrostatic deflectors, one is used as the monochromator for the incident electron beam and the other as the analyser. The electron beam has a low energy (1 to 10 eV), but is defined with high precUion ( a few meV) usually, the electrons incident and take-off angles are 4S (the so-called "specular" gcomctiy), but other scattering geometries are posable. 

Sedra SN (1950) Decreasing the time required for making an Alizarin skeleton preparation. Stain Technol 25 223-224. 

Sedra, A.S. and Smith, K.C. 2003. Microelectronics Circuits, 5th ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Spencer, R. and Mohammed G. 2003. Introduction to Electronic Circuit Design. Prentice-HaU, Englewood... 

For small-signal circuits the output resistance Vg of the MOSFET (Malik, 1995 Sedra and Smith, 1991) is important in limiting the gain of amplifiers. This resistance is related to the small-signal drain conductance... 

Sedra, S.S. and Smith, K.C. 1991. Microelectronic Circuits, 3rd ed. Saunders College Pubhshing, Philadelphia, PA... 

The references given in this section have been chosen to provide more detail than is possible to provide in the limited space of this article. In particular, Annaratone (1986) and Shoji (1988) provide much more detail about device and circuit behavior. Chen (1990), Pimbley (1989), and Wolf (1995) provide many technological details of processing and its device impact. Haznedar (1991), Sedra and Smith (1991), and Malik (1995) provide much information about circuits. Brews (1981) and Pierret (1990) provide good discussion of the derivation of the device current-voltage curves and device behavior in all bias regions. 

Current conveyors (CCs) were first introduced by Smith and Sedra (1968) (see also Sedra (1989)) and have been used in a wide variety of electronic applications. 

The list of operational elements described in this section is by no means a complete list of elements available. Devices such as Norton operational amplifiers, four-terminal floating nuUors, and operational floating conveyors are objects of study in the literature (Sedra and Roberts, 1990). 

Sedra, A.S. 1989. The current conveyor History and progress. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Portland, OR), pp. 1567-1571. IEEE Press, New York. 

Sedra, A. and Roberts, G.W. 1990. Current conveyor theory and practice. In Analogue IC Design The Current-Mode Approach, eds. C. Toumazou, F.L Lidgey, and D.G. Haigh. Peter Peregrinus Ltd., London. 

Smith, K.C. and Sedra, A.S. 1968. The current conveyor—Anew circuit budding block. Proc. IEEE 56 (Aug.) 1368-1369. 

Sedra, A.C. and Brackett, P.0.1978. Filter Theory and Design Active and Passive. Matrix, Portland, OR. Seidman, A. 1983. Integrated Circuits Applications Handbook. Wiley, New Yorlc. 

Martin, K. and Sedra, A.S. 1979. Strays-insensitive switched-capacitor filters based on the bilinear z-trans-formation. Elec. Lett. 15 365. 

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