Section 5.5 Liquid-Solid General Selection

Chapter 5 focuses on equipment for the separation of heterogeneous phases. The chapter starts with a convenient general selection guide. More specific guides are given for liquid-solid separations, Section 5.5, and for sohd-sohd separations. Section 5.18. 

The previous part of this section makes clear that, unless a method is found to directly prepare a catalytic phase (usually an oxide) containing all the wanted metallic elements, and in the required proportions, some more indirect method should be selected. In general, however, direct preparation from the gas or liquid phase will be impossible for the reasons given above. It becomes necessary to resort to a two-step or multiple-step approach using at least one solid precursor. 

Milestone 4. Select the generalized separation structure, i.e., the elements of all-encompassing structure, shown in Fig. 4d, which are needed for the specific output from the reaction section of a given plant. Milestone 5. Synthesize the structure of the specific separation subsystems, e.g., vapor recovery, gas separation, liquid separation, or/and solid separation, which are relevant to the generalized separation structure of a given plant. ... 

Most studies in which acid solids were used concern the synthesis of hydroxyacetophenones either by Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate [3,5-15] or by acylation of phenol with acetic acid or acetic anhydride [11,16-21]. These reactions were conducted in the gas or liquid phase, zeolites being generally chosen as catalysts (Section 5.3.1). These shape-selective catalysts can also be used... 

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