Secondary shaping operations

Secondary shaping operation - Here a preform such as a parison or sheet is transformed into a final product using thermoforming or blow molding. 

Secondary shaping operations such as extrusion blow molding, film blowing, and fiber spinning occur immediately after the extrusion profile emerges from the die. The thermo-... 

Secondary shaping operations preforms are transformed into the final product using techniques such as thermoforming or blow molding. 

Secondary shaping operations take place when the extruded pellet exits from the equipment. These operations include ... 

An extension of conventional foiging known as precision foiging can be used to acquire geometric configurations very close to the final desired shape, thus minimizing secondary machining operations. 

In Section 1.4.4, the erosion test was outlined in the list of hardness determination methods and it was concluded that it was of minimal practical importance. However, solid particle erosion is a serious problem in gas turbine operations and in plants where powders are handled and it is of course used as a secondary shaping method in ceramic technology. Therefore it is more useful to consider how a knowledge of ceramic hardness contributes to an assessment of erosion. Figure 5.19 outlines how a knowledge of the process has developed through models taken from the types of indentation test damage already discussed in this chapter. 

Mixing and homogenization Melt transport Primary shaping Secondary shaping Shape stabilization Finishing operations. 

These operations are usually carried out sequentially and some, such as secondary shaping, may be omitted. Additional mixing may also be included, e.g. powder blending, where mixing is partially achieved prior to melting however, final homogenization can only be attained by mixing in the molten state. 

Product design factors overall part size shape complexity critical dimensions weight limitations potential for parts integration assembly requirements secondary operations Materialfactors... 

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