Secondary module determinate

T Vegetative secondary module (determinate) Pleurocarpous perichaetial module with... 

Camptochaete arbuscula (Figure 15.3A) has an architectural unit made up of a primary module, consisting of a stolon, stipe and frond axis secondary modules, determinate lateral branches of the frond axis, the frond axis and the lateral branches together making up the frond tertiary modules, determinate lateral branches of the secondary modules perigonia and perichaetia (lateral on secondary fertile axes on the frond axis) and flagelliferous frond axis tips which become... 

Terms such as stolon, primary and secondary stem, and branch, have often been used without careful attention to the role of the apical cell in formation of each of these features. Consequently, a primary stem in one taxon may equate to a stolon in a second, and a branch in a third, while a secondary stem may be the continuation of the primary stan but with a different orientation, a new primary module, or a secondary module (a branch ). This lack of clarity reduces the information content of these terms and makes structural comparisons between taxa difficult or meaningless, especially for determination of homology in cladistic analysis. 

Other features that can be used to distinguish between primary and secondary modules are the relative diameter of the axis, the point on the subtending module at which the module originates, and whether or not it appears to be determinate or indeterminate. However, in some cases there may be no obvious difference between modules, and no objective alterion that can be used, in which case all vegetative modules have to be regarded as primary. 

As with any metalloprotein, the chemical and physical properties of the metal ion in cytochromes are determined by the both the primary and secondary coordination spheres (58-60). The primary coordination sphere has two components, the heme macrocycle and the axial ligands, which directly affect the bound metal ion. The pyrrole nitrogen donors of the heme macrocycle that are influenced by the substitutents on the heme periphery establish the base heme properties. These properties are directly modulated by the number and type of axial ligands derived from the protein amino acids. Typical heme proteins utilize histidine, methionine, tyrosinate, and cysteinate ligands to affect five or six coordination at the metal center. 

The outline of this paper is as follows. First, a theoretical model of unsteady motions in a combustion chamber with feedback control is constructed. The formulation is based on a generalized wave equation which accommodates all influences of acoustic wave motions and combustion responses. Control actions are achieved by injecting secondary fuel into the chamber, with its instantaneous mass flow rate determined by a robust controller. Physically, the reaction of the injected fuel with the primary combustion flow produces a modulated distribution of external forcing to the oscillatory flowfield, and it can be modeled conveniently by an assembly of point actuators. After a procedure equivalent to the Galerkin method, the governing wave equation reduces to a system of ordinary differential equations with time-delayed inputs for the amplitude of each acoustic mode, serving as the basis for the controller design. 

The bulk conductivity a depends on the concentration of charge carriers and on their mobility, either of which can be modulated by exposure to the gas. The first prerequisite of such an interaction is the penetration of the analyte to the interior of the layer. The second is the ability of the gas to form a charge-transfer complex with the selective layer. This process then constitutes secondary doping, which affects the overall conductivity. For a mixed semiconductor, the overall conductivity is determined by the combined contribution from the holes (p) and electrons (n), as given by the general conductivity equation. 

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