Secondary electron imaging fibers

Figure 4. Bast fiber from Etowah Mound 1145 core (ca. A.D. 1200). Secondary electron image magnification 1200 X.

Figure 13. Secondary electron image (SEI) profiles of Ca and Mg - determined by traversing the cross section of the two fiber components at a right angle to their interface, indicate that the MgO level is higher in component (A) than in component (B), and that the CaO level is higher in component (B) than in component (A). Courtesy of Micron Inc., Analytical Sen/ices, Wilmington, DE.

The etching study was conducted to complement ultrathin sectioning of high modulus oriented fibers [238]. Representative results of the plasma etching experiment are shown in the secondary electron images (SEI) (Fig. 4.19% Glass fibers and amorphous polyester film were used as controls. Oriented PET and aramid fibers were etched for 15 min in argon in order to evaluate the effect of the treatment on oriented crystaUine... 

Fig. 4.5 Secondary electron image (SEI) of a polymer fiber prepared by the peelback method reveals the internal fibrillar texture (arrow).

Polymer matrices are also commonly reinforced with mineral fillers or fibers, such as calcium carbonate, talc, wollastonite, clay and mica [306]. SE images of fracture surfaces show the wetting behavior or adhesion of the filler by the polymer matrix. Figure 4.34 shows secondary electron image (A) and backscattered electron image (B) micrographs of a mineral filler in a matrix of a commercial polymer. SEI does not reveal the nature of the filler in the matrix whereas BEI does reveal the mineral filler due to atomic number contrast. BE imaging is important in the... 

The surface morphology of the SMPU fibers was studied by a Leica Stereoscan 440 SEM. A single fiber of the produced multi-filament SMPU fibers was attached to the SEM sample holder. The accelerated voltage of the electron beam was 20 kV and the secondary electron images were recorded by the CCD system in the SEM. 

Figure 4.25. Secondary electron images show the result of plasma etching with argon (A) a glass fiber surface shows no ordered details (B) amorphous PET film with particles but no order (C) an oriented crystalline PET fiber surface with lateral striations and (D) an aramid surface also with lateral striations. The effect of plasma etching with oxygen is shown for (E) a glass fiber surface, which reveals no detail, and (F) an aramid fiber, which exhibits a lateral striated texture.

Figure 4.26. Secondary electron imaging shows the effect of argon ion etching on an aramid fiber surface where lateral striations are observed normal to the fiber axis.

The surface morphologies of the PAni fibers were investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM, Leica Model Stereoscan 440) with a secondary electron detector. To obtain clear cross-section images, the fibers were frozen in liquid nitrogen before snapping them. 

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