Secondary battery cathode

Kawakita, J., K. Makino, Y. Katayama, T. Miura, and T. Kishi. 1998. Preparation and characteristics of (NayAg1 y)2V4On for lithium secondary battery cathodes. J. Power Sources. 75 244—250. 

Self-doped polyanilines are advantageous due to properties such as solubility, pH independence, redox activity and conductivity. These properties make them more promising in various applications such as energy conversion devices, sensors, electrochromic devices, etc. (see Chapter 1, section 1.6). Several studies have focused on the preparation of self-doped polyaniline nanostructures (i.e., nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanofilms, nanocomposites, etc.) and their applications. Buttry and Tor-resi et al. [51, 244, 245] prepared the nanocomposites from self-doped polyaniline, poly(N-propane sulfonic acid, aniline) and V2O5 for Li secondary battery cathodes. The self-doped polyaniline was used instead of conventional polyaniline to minimize the anion participation in the charge-discharge process and maximize the transport number of Li". In lithium batteries, it is desirable that only lithium cations intercalate into the cathode, because this leads to the use of small amounts of electrolyte... 

Hattori, K. Okabe, K. Manufacture of lithium manganese mixed oxide (LiMn204) suitable for lithium secondary battery cathodes. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10182157, 1998 Chem. Abstr. 1998, 129, 110917. 

Qui, L., Yohisda, G., Hirao, K., and Honjo, Y. (2003) Lithium ion secondary battery, cathode active material therefore and the production thereof U.S. Patent 6,582,854 Bl. 

The organization of the Handbook of Battery Materials is simple, dividing between aqueous electrolyte batteries and alkali metal batteries and further in anodes, cathodes, electrolytes and separators. There are also three more general chapters about thermodynamics and mechanistics of electrode reactions, practical batteries and the global competition of primary and secondary batteries. 

Mild Y, Nakazato D, Ikuta H, Uchida T, Wakihara M (1995) Amorphous M0S2 as the cathode of Uthium secondary batteries. J Power Sources 54 508-510 Yufit V, Nathan M, Golodnitsky D, Peled E (2003) Thin-fihn Uthium and Uthium-ion batteries with electrochemicaUy deposited molybdenum oxysulfide cathodes. J Power Sources 122 169-173... 

The electrochemical behavior of thin-film oxide-hydroxide electrodes containing chromium, nickel and cobalt compounds was investigated. Experimental results have shown that such compounds can be successfully used as active cathodic materials in a number of emerging primary and secondary battery applications. 

IMPROVED ELETROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SURFACE-COATED Li(Ni,Co,Mn)02 CATHODE MATERIAL FOR Li SECONDARY BATTERIES... 

Upon connecting the anode and cathode in their doped state, a current is generated with Voc = 2.9 V, and Isc =1.9 mA. The electrodes become undoped by this discharge. The charging And discharging could be repeated many times. Poly(p-phenylene) also was used as electrode. The power density (kW/kg) of the battery was estimated to be more than ten times larger than that of a conventional Pb02 secondary battery. 

The molecular orbital (MO) calculations within the PM3 method, using a MOP AC package, provided an explanation of the advantages of a new redox system, poly(l,4-phenylene-l,2,4-dithiazolium-3, 5 -yl) (PPDTA), as a cathode material for high-capacity lithium secondary batteries in comparison with three typical polymer conductors (poly-/>-phenylene, polypyrrole, and polythiophene). The MO calculation revealed that the S-S bond in the 1,2,4-dithiazo-lium moiety of PPDTA caused gap narrowing and a downshift of HOMO and LUMO levels, which is consistent with the electrochemical experiment (HOMO = highest occupied molecular orbital LUMO = lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) <2001MI2305>. 

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