Secondary appraisal

The secondary appraisal stage, as depicted in Figure 6.7, determines whether the stressor leads to positive stress and constructive behavior or to negative stress and destructive behavior. The difference rests with the individual. Does he or she assess tiie stressful... 

Victims of a near hit or injury will likely feel stressed during their primary appraisal. If their secondary appraisal clarifies the incident as an xmcontrollable failure, negative stress or distress is likely, but they could interpret it as an opportunity to collect facts, learn, and implement an action plan to prevent a recurrence. Now, the victim is experiencing positive stress and constructive behavior is likely. 

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2008) NICE Technology appraisal 161, Osteoporosis - secondary prevention, including strontium ranelate. Alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, raloxifene, strontium ranelate and teriparatide for secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in post menopausal women. Available at http //www.nice.org.uk/Guidance/TA161 [Accessed 18 November 2008],... 

No attempt to determine the folding pathway of a protein from the denatured to the native state either by energy minimization or by molecular dynamics has yet been successful. Many people believe that it would be more effective to approach the problem through a study of the formation and interaction of secondary structural units. A conservative appraisal of the situation is that this problem is not one that can be solved by increase in computer power alone. 

Once a decision is made to eliminate these two bottlenecks (fired heater and separation system), the analysis of reactor behavior could be modified to consider a number of secondary effects. The case study did not consider the effect of increasing reactor flowrates on the heat transfer coefficient (gas-phase resistance dominates). The inpact of the increased pressure drop over the reactor was not examined. These options were not necessary to confirm that the reactor is capable of providing a 50% increase in acetone production. The option of increasing the HTM flowrate was not appraised. 

To be able to appraise various photodetector types, we will attempt here to define a general idealized infrared detector, which would, independently on a particular detection mechanism, satisfy aU the requirements posed for such a device. The performance of a real detector are then determined by the degree of compliance of its parameters, and thus defined perfect device. Of course, one can object that such an approach cannot be objective, since a particular application determines priorities in performance (for instance, for some military applications speed and detectivity are of primary importance, while costs are secondary for communication purposes one requires large speeds and low prices, etc.). In other words, one cannot define a unique set of characteristics that could describe all existing situations— an ideal detectors has as many definitions as there are applications [3]. 

While it is possible to use neutron scattering results to appraise and refine MD simulations, molecular dynamics can also be used as a heuristic test to yield the non-intuitive relationship between structures of aqueous solutions and the experimental results those structures would produce, and hence allow interpretation of the NDIS results. In this role the physical validity of the MD used to generate a three-dimensional structure is largely a secondary concern, as the significant test of this method is the comparison of the neutron scattering result to the formally correct mathematical prediction of the experimental result from the disordered structure produced by the modelling. 

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