Second-generation effects lactation

First-trimester exposure appears to confer a small but definite increased risk (from a baseline of 0.06% up to 0.7%) of oral cleft in infants (27). However, second-generation effects are infrequent and usually reversible (28), although some doubt remains about the extent of developmental delay in children who have been exposed in utero (27). A review has emphasized that concerns about second-generation effects are mainly theoretical, and has concluded that some agents (for example chlor-diazepoxide) are probably safe during pregnancy and lactation and that others (for example alprazolam) are best avoided (29). 

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