Seawater mixing

Figure 2.5. Analytical manifolds for the determination of phosphate by flow injection analysis (a) and reverse flow injection (b). The symbols S, M, and A are the seawater, mixed reagent, and the ascorbic acid solutions. The pump injection valve and detector are represented by P, I, and D, respectively. W = waste. From [177]... 

At the Ebro delta, P. pectinatus is mainly found in the least brackish areas, while Ruppia cirrhosa inhabits transitional zones between freshwater and seawater. Mixed stands of Zostera noltii, R. cirrhosa, and the floating macroalga Chaetomorpha linum develop in saline areas [37]. 

An interesting aspect of the calculation is that when oxidizing seawater mixes into the reduced hydrothermal fluid, the oxygen fugacity decreases (Fig. 22.4). The capacity of seawater to oxidize the large amount of hydrothermal H2S(aq) is limited by the supply of C>2(aq) in seawater, which is small. Given the reaction,... 

Fig. 30.2. Saturation states (Q/K) of supersaturated sulfate minerals over the courses of simulations in which seawater mixes at reservoir temperature with formation fluids from three North Sea oil fields. Reaction paths are the same as shown in Figure 30.1, except that minerals are not allowed to precipitate.

Freshwater/seawater mixing, tidal, strongly affected by watershed of river Can be estuarine or lagoon-type, tidal... 

Calcite saturation indices plotted as a function of percent seawater mixing with a carbonate aquifer water with contours representing different levels of Pqo (source Plummer, 1975). 

Sanford, W. E., and Konikow, L. F 1989. Simulation of calcite dissolution and porosity changes in seawater mixing zones in coastal aquifers. Water Resources Res., v. 25, pp. 665-667. 

TDS-76,511, flow rate —654 3.76 0.88 M I Brackish-seawater mix feed water... 

Several types of mixing of fluids (e.g., hydrothermal solution-seawater mixing, ground water-ground water mixing) near surface environment are occurring. 

Chemical changes during the hydrothermal solution-seawater mixing associated with sekko ore in Kuroko deposits are considered below based on partial equilibrium model. 

Formation of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits by Hydrothermal Solution-Seawater Mixing 65... 

The WHO (1984) maximal value guideline for chloride concentration in drinking water is 250 mg/dm. The maximal value of chloride concentration for water used in irrigation is 100 mg/dm. Industrial applications (e.g., boiler feeding) often require water with much less chloride content. However, seawater, mixed water samples, mineral waters, and sewage contain chlorides in much higher concentration. 

---