Oxidation in seawater

Cohen [19] used electron capture gas chromatography to determine traces of dissolved nitric oxide in seawater. Precision and accuracy are, respectively, 2% and 3%. 

Surface and bottom water samples were collected in 500 ml, 1, or 4 litre polycarbonate bottles. Polycarbonate bottles have been shown to retain 97% of an initial spike of bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide in seawater at a concentration of 0.5 mg/1 over a weeklong period [104]. Samples were analysed immediately after collection and transported to the laboratory, or were stored frozen at -20 °C and analysed at a later date. Frozen storage has been shown to be effective in preserving sample stability with respect to monobutyltin, dibutyltin, and tributyltin concentrations for a period of at least 100 days. 

Ferry, J.D., Carritt, D.E. Action of Antifouling Paints. Solubility and Rate of Solution of Cuprous oxide in Seawater. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 38 (6) (1946), 612-617... 

Moffett, J.W. and Ho, J., Microbially mediated incorporation of trace-elements into manganese oxides in seawater, Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc., 209, 103-Geoc, 1995. 

Cohen, Y. (1977). Shipboard measurement of dissolved nitrous oxide in seawater by electron capture gas chromatography. Anal. Ghent. 49(8), 1238—1240. 

Kuma K., Nakabayashi S., Suzuki Y., and Matsunaga K. (1992) Dissolution rate and solubility of colloidal hydrous ferric oxide in seawater. Mar. Chem. 38, 133-143. 

Temperature dependence of environmentally important reaction rate constants. (A) CO2 reaction with H2O or OH in seawater. The data are plotted so that the sfope of the line is the Arrhenius activation energy, divided by the gas constant, R (8.315 J mor deg ) (Johnson, 1982). (B) HS oxidation (Millero et a/., 1987a). (C) Fe(ll) oxidation in seawater (Millero et o/., 1987b). (D) The dissolution rate constants for opal as a function of temperature. The values plotted here are normalized to a constant area volume ratio, A /V = I0cm . The high dissolution rate constants (circles) are for acid-cleaned siliceous sediments (Hurd, 1972) the squares are data for peroxide and acid-washed plankton (Lawson et a/., 1978) and the other results (triangles) are for two untreated single species of diatom (Kamatani, 1982). 

Thermal or dark reactions do not appear to affect the conversion at seawater pH from both thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. In the photic zone of the ocean, some of these processes are thermodynamically unfavorable but can be activated by sunlight or biological processes (3). During the oxidation of I, the intermediates HOI and I2 are produced. These reactive electron acceptors will reform I" or organic iodine (RI) compounds when organic matter is present. The ultimate question we wish to address through an analysis of iodide oxidation in seawater is how iodine chemistry can be used as an indicator of carbon dynamics in the ocean. 

Sunda, W.G., S.A. Huntsman, and G.R. Harvey. 1983. Photoreduction of manganese oxides in seawater and its geochemical and biological implications. Nature 301 234-236. 

Moffett and Zika (8) also found that the rate of Cu+ oxidation is inversely proportional to chloride concentration (Table III), indicating that the free Cu+ ion is oxidized more rapidly than Cu+-chloride ion pairs (Figure 6). However, Millero s (16) analysis of Moffett and Zika s data revealed that the CuCl(aq) is also oxidized by dissolved O2 at an appreciable rate. Millero (16) derived the following rate expression for Cu+ oxidation in seawater for PO2 = 0.2 atm... 

Moffett JW (1990) Microbially mediated cerium oxidation in seawater. Nature 345 421-423 Molleson Tl, Wilhams CT, Cressey G, Din VK (1998) Radiographically opaque bones from lead-lined coffins at Christ Church, Spitalfields, London—An extreme example of diagenesis. Bull Soc Geol France 169 425-432... 

Cerium is oxidized in seawater according to the following equation,... 

BROOKMAN E M, LAMSAL R et al (2011) Comparing the formation of bromate and bromoform dne to ozonation and UV-Ti02 oxidation in seawater. Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies 14(1) 23-30. 

Nickel tarnishes rapidly in a corrosive environment. Nickel coatings are very useful as long as a decorative appearance is not required. However, if the nickel coatings are to maintain the decorative appearance, they are given a bright chromium overlay. Nickel offers a high degree of resistance to corrosion and oxidation in seawater. 

Chen J, Wagner P, Tong L, Wallace GG, Officer DL, Swiegers GF (2012) A porphyrin-doped polymer catalyzes selective, light-assisted water oxidation in seawater. Angew Chem Int Ed 51 1907-1910... 

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