Seasonal decomposition

The technique of seasonal decomposition uses the same additive and multiplicative models as in exponential smoothing, but without the smoothing procedure. 

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Another possibility is to smooth the seasonal fluctuations using the moving average procedure, but this leads to lack of sharpness because a certain number of values in the lagged time window is included. Seasonally adjusted series achieved by seasonal decomposition are also good starting points for trend searching. 

The oxygen atom produced in this step can react with oxygen molecules to produce more ozone, and so the ozone concentration in the stratosphere normally remains constant, with seasonal variations. Because the decomposition of ozone... 

Research is needed to quantify and assess data sets on pools and fluxes of subfossil carbon for North America, Scandinavia, and the Soviet Union where large amounts of such material exists and is vulnerable to accelerated decomposition with expected C02-induced climate change 66-69). Billings et al. 70, 71) performed fleld experiments that mimicked the changes expected to occur in the tundra as a result of climatic change. The direction of CO2 flux was reversed from a net storage of 150 g C02 m -season to a net release of 300-400 g C02 m" season . Annual liberation of as little as 1% per year of either the 300 Pg C stored in the top meter of soils above the 60° latitude band or... 

The kinetics of the various reactions have been explored in detail using large-volume chambers that can be used to simulate reactions in the troposphere. They have frequently used hydroxyl radicals formed by photolysis of methyl (or ethyl) nitrite, with the addition of NO to inhibit photolysis of NO2. This would result in the formation of 0( P) atoms, and subsequent reaction with Oj would produce ozone, and hence NO3 radicals from NOj. Nitrate radicals are produced by the thermal decomposition of NjOj, and in experiments with O3, a scavenger for hydroxyl radicals is added. Details of the different experimental procedures for the measurement of absolute and relative rates have been summarized, and attention drawn to the often considerable spread of values for experiments carried out at room temperature (-298 K) (Atkinson 1986). It should be emphasized that in the real troposphere, both the rates—and possibly the products—of transformation will be determined by seasonal differences both in temperature and the intensity of solar radiation. These are determined both by latitude and altitude. 

Due to the effect of plant roots and the natural or normal decomposition of soil minerals, some phosphate and other nutrients will become available [7] during the growing season and thus must be accounted for. The soluble and exchangeable phosphate (i.e., the immediately available phosphate) and that portion of the soil phosphate that will become available to plants during the growing season are determined by the Olson extractant. A typical base extraction of soil nutrients is given in Procedure 11.7 ... 

When informed of the body in the Hauslabjoch pass of the Oetz valley, the Austrian gendarmes assumed that this was another addition to the season s growing list of crevasse accidents. But the corpse was most unusual its leathery skin was virtually intact, and there was no stench of decomposition. And lying nearby was a strange tool, a kind of primitive axe with a blade of reddish metal. 

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