Season biomass changes with

In order to explain the linkages between strategy and stress response reference will be made to Fig. lb which depicts the patterns of seasonal change in shoot biomass associated with the full spectrum of primary strategies (Fig. la). For simplicity, this diagram refers to the patterns observed in herbaceous plants in a temperate zone situation with a sharply defined growing season. However, the principles adduced can be applied to any life-form or biome. 

Total chlorophyll a changes with the seasonal variation. The chlorophyll a concentrations increased from 31 mg/m in the cold season to 42 mg/m in the warm season (Fig. 1.33), which is equivalent to an increase in phytoplankton carbon biomass from 1.77 to 2.38 g C/m (Table 1.5). After Synechococcus carbon biomass is subtracted, the remaining carbon biomass of other phytoplankton shows an inconspicuous difference between the 1.63 g C/m in the cold season and 1.50 g C/m in the warm season. 

Aggradation or degradation of biomass or soil reservoirs may also produce effects that appear to be fractionation. This is because the elemental ratios in vegetation or soil reservoirs can be very different from those of bedrock. Sufficiently large and rapid changes in these reservoirs are sometimes evident in river chemistry. For example, the uptake and release of potassium in association with the seasonal growth and loss of leaves can affect the composition of streams that drain temperate deciduous forests (Likens et al, 1977 Vitousek, 1977). 

In the development of the populations of planktonic and bottom algae one can trace the seasonal dynamics of the phytocoenosis represented by the alternation of the dominating species and by the changes in their abundance and biomass. In the years different with respect to the climatic conditions, the species composition as well as the dynamics of the abundance and production of algae strongly varies. With respect to the level of the primary production, the Black Sea ecosystem may be referred to as a mesotrophic-type of marine basin. In mesotrophic waters, the phytoplankton consumption by zooplankton, which represents an important food object for fish with short lifecycles, proceeds more intensively than in oligotrophic waters. The coefficient of matter transfer from the primary production to the higher trophic levels is about... 

To allow for the superposition of effects of seasonally changing temperatures with depth on daily temperatures, we can incorporate both daily and annual additive terms in an equation like Equation 7.28. Each term contains its appropriate d and p, with rsurf then coming from the annual case. In any case, soil properties markedly affect the thermal environment of roots, which can represent about half of a plant s biomass, as well as the temperatures in animal burrows and even in certain wine cellars. 

The seasonally changing biomass of floating macrophytes was determined at Lake Calado with a combination of sampling and airborne videography (Fisher and Moline 1992 T.R. Fisher, personal communication Fig. 14.7). Further analysis of these data... 

By March the seasonal thermocline would have reappeared and the characteristic summer conditions begin to reestablish themselves initially in the southern Levantine Basin. With the initiation of the bloom, mesoscale features control the details of the re-establishment of summer conditions. Eddies can still be clearly seen as areas of higher biomass in the southern Levantine, particularly in March. Summer conditions with extremely low productivity in the surface layers, and a DCM is fully established by May and reach their peak between June and August, when all of the southern Levantine has extremely low chlorophyll levels in the surface layers. It is important to remember that the satellite only sees the phytoplankton in the uppermost layers of the system. Once the seasonal thermocline is developed, the system is characterised by a deep chlorophyll maximum. Thus the drastic changes in chlorophyll shown by these images are in reality less marked. 

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