Screening methods reflectivity-based

Figure 5.11 Diffuse Reflectance Absorbance Spectroscopy Taking In Chemometiics (DRASTIC), a FT-IR-based method for rapid screening for metabohtes. Different concentrations of ampicillin (ranging from 0 to 5 mg/mL) were mixed with a constant amount E. coli cells, dried and analyzed by FT-IR (Winson et at, 1997).

Aslan K, Holley P, Geddes CD (2006) Microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence (MAMEF) with silver colloids in 96-well plates Application to ultra fast and sensitive immunoassays, high throughput screening and dmg discovery. J Immunol Methods 312 137-147 Matveeva E, Gryczynski Z, Malicka J et al (2004) Metal-enhanced fluorescence immunoassays using total internal reflection and silver-coated surfaces. Anal Biochem 334 303-311 Blue R, Kent N, Polerecky L (2005) Platform for enhanced detection efficiency in luminescent-based sensors. Electron Lett 41 682-684... 

Last and Prebble [51 ] developed a near-infrared reflectance (NIR) method for the determination of moisture in an experimental freeze-dried injection product. NIR spectra were collected through the bases of unopened product vials using a horizontal instrument accessory. The samples in these vials were then used for Karl Fischer analysis to generate a standard curve for the analysis. The NIR data must be correlated with an accepted residual moisture technique in order to yield a meaningful result. This article states that NIR accuracy and precision in this application are not consistent with allowing the use of the current method in anything but a screening role. 

Early theoretical studies based on a semi-empirical self-consistent tight-binding scheme indicate that the core-level shifts in the Pd/W(l 10) and PtAV(l 10) systems come from initial state effects (d-s,p rehybridisation, for example) [37]. The calculated shift for the Pd core level was 0.7 eV versus the value of 0.8 eV measured experimentally [53]. More sophisticated calculations (fiill-potential linear muffin-tin orbital method with LDF) for the Pd/Mo(110) system also indicate that the Pd 3d core-level shifts reflect initial state effects (substantial polarization of electrons around Pd) [40]. In this case, the calculated Pd 3ds/2 core level (0.9 eV) is identical to the experimental value and most of it (0.77 eV) comes from initial state effects while the rest (0.13 eV) originates in changes in the screening of the core hole [40]. 

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