Schonbein

C. F. Schonbein detected and named ozone from its smell (see 1857). 

Ozone, O3, is the triatomic allotrope of oxygen. It is an unstable, blue diamagnetic gas with a characteristic pungent odour indeed, it was first detected by means of its smell, as reflected by its name (Greek o eiv, ozein, to smell) coined by C. F. Schonbein in 1840. Ozone can be detected by its smell in concentrations as low as 0.01 ppm the maximum permissible concentration for continuous exposure is 0.1 ppm but levels as high as 1 ppm are considered non-toxic if breathed for less than 10 min. 

The reaction of ozone with an unsaturated organic compd was reported more than a century ago (Schonbein, JPraktChem 66, 282 (1855)), however, complete explanation of this reaction has not been made until recent times. In 1905, Harries (Ref 1) postulated that the addition of ozone to an olefin resulted in the formation of an ozonide according to the formula ... 

In 1846, Schonbein nitrated cellulose to nitrocellulose. Parkes came to know about nitrocellulose and found out that it had plastic properties but it contracted on drying. He found out that nitrocellulose dissolves in molten camphor and this mixture could be moulded into any form. 

As early as 1855, the oxidation of guaiacol by peroxidase with hydrogen peroxide was observed by Schonbein [22]. Furthermore, the introduction of the PZ number (Purpurogallinzahl) by Willstatter and Stoll in 1917 [23] was probably the first attempt to define the catalytic activity for a nonhydrolytic enzyme. 

Pruitt KM, Tenovuo JO (1985) The lactoperoxidase system. Chemistry and biological significance. Marcel Dekker, New York Schonbein CF (1856) Verh Nat Ges Basel 1 467 WiUstatter R, StoU A (1919) Ann Chem 416 21... 

L.J. Wurzinger, H. Schmid-Schonbein, The interaction of fluid-dynamic, physicochemical and cell biological reactions in thrombus formation, Annals of the New York academy of sciences 516 (1987) 316-332. 

Swiss chemist Christian Schonbein (1799-1868) publishes the first description of a fuel cell. 

The triatomic molecule allotrope of oxygen was discovered in 1839 by Schonbein who detected it from its smell and thus named it ozone (o eiv ozein emitting a smell). The nature of the molecule was established in 1865 by Soret. Thenard discovered hydrogen peroxide in 1818. Water was known as an Element, from Thales of Milet ( 600 B. C.) to the time of Cavendish... 

The stratosphere is often referred to as the ozone layer, because of the relatively high concentrations produced by photochemical reactions in this region of the atmosphere. Ozone, derived from the Greek word meaning to smell, was first discovered by Schonbein in 1839. It has a rather pungent smell, which is sometimes noticeable around copy machines and laser printers that use discharge processes. 

It was accepted for a number of years in the atmospheric chemistry community that so-called background ozone was typically around 30-40 ppb. However, starting in the mid-1980 s, a number of researchers examined the literature of a century earlier, shortly after ozone was discovered by Schonbein in 1839, and discovered several series of ozone measurements that had been made at different locations in the troposphere. Some of the papers describing this research include the papers by Bojkov (1986), Volz and Kley (1988), and Anfossi et al. (1991). 

Schonbein on treating cotton with mixed nitric-sulfuric acid during a short... 

Note 1 Dutton (Ref 58, pp 119—20) said that Schonbein discovered NC by accident. He wiped nitric-sulfuric acid spilled in the kitchen with his wife s cotton apron. Then he rinsed the apron with water, hung it to dry over a hot stove and then he heard a loud expln. He repeated the nitration using another apron, which he rinsed and dried more carefully than the first one. 

The Committee appointed by Confederation Germanique, to which Schonbein Bottger proposed in 1846 the cessation of their method, refused the proposition (Ref 44, p 241)... 

Baron von Lenk, representing Austria, was happy that Prussia did not obtain the patent of Schonbein Bottger dealt directly with them to obtn the method. He started to work on improvement of stability and possibility of adopting the improved powder as cannon propellant (Ref 44, p 242)... 

Around the same time, nitration of cellulose to produce nitrocellulose (NC also known as guncotton) was undertaken by different groups and finally the invention of NC was reported by Schonbein (Basel) and Bottger (Frankfurt) independently in 1846. Further, dynamite was invented by Alfred B. Nobel in 1866. 

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