Schmidt-Nickels

PJ. Kulesza, M.A. Malik, R. Schmidt, A. Smolinska, K. Miecznikowski, S. Zamponi, A. Czerwinski, M. Berrettoni, and R. Marassi, Electrochemical preparation and characterization of electrodes modified with mixed hexacyanoferrates of nickel and palladium. J. Electroanal. Chem. 487, 57-65 (2000). 

Little is known concerning the chemistry of nickel in the atmosphere. The probable species present in the atmosphere include soil minerals, nickel oxide, and nickel sulfate (Schmidt and Andren 1980). In aerobic waters at environmental pHs, the predominant form of nickel is the hexahydrate Ni(H20)g ion (Richter and Theis 1980). Complexes with naturally occurring anions, such as OH, SO/, and Cf, are formed to a small degree. Complexes with hydroxyl radicals are more stable than those with sulfate, which in turn are more stable than those with chloride. Ni(OH)2° becomes the dominant species above pH 9.5. In anaerobic systems, nickel sulfide forms if sulfur is present, and this limits the solubility of nickel. In soil, the most important sinks for nickel, other than soil minerals, are amorphous oxides of iron and manganese. The mobility of nickel in soil is site specific pH is the primary factor affecting leachability. Mobility increases at low pH. At one well-studied site, the sulfate concentration and the... 

Schmidt JA, Andren AW. 1980. The atmospheric chemistry of nickel. In Nriagu JO, ed. Nickel in the environment. New York, NY John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 93-135. 

The Schmidt type electrolyzer consists of a series of frames e, with a nickel plated iron plate inside which acts as electrode (see Fig. 74). Each frame has two holes w, at the lower comers for the inlet of the electrolyte, and two... 

This suggests that the passivity is due to a layer of oxide forming on the surface of the metal and protecting the underlying portions from attack. Such, very possibly, is one explanation, but apparently it does not account for all cases of nickel passivity. Thus Schmidt and Rathert11 have passivified nickel by friction in an atmosphere of... 

JME638 C. Menciu, M. Duflos, F. Fouchard, G. Le Baut, P. Emig, U. Achterrath, I. Szelenyi, B. Nickel, J. Schmidt, B. Kutscher,... 

Schmidt and his coworkers have cleaved the N—N bond of tetrahydropyridazines (20) with sodium in liquid ammonia as a step in the synthesis of 4-aminolyxose derivatives. Leblanc and coworkers have used carbohydrate-derived glycals as two-electron components in cycloadditions to dibenzyl azodicar-boxylate the adducts (e.g. 21 in Scheme 15) were subjected to methanolysis and the N—N bond was then cleaved using Raney nickel. ... 

Schmidt und Schmidt 52) fanden bei der Elektrolyse von SOgHF an Nickel-Anoden 21 % Ausbeute an SOgFj neben OFg. 

As with nickel catalysts, Pd(0) complexes are also effective in the coupling of aryl iodides with arylzinc compounds as demonstrated in the synthesis of biphenomycin by Schmidt et al. [47]. 

In the hydrogenation of fatty oils such as cottonseed or peanut oil, it is often desirable to saturate only one double bond of the doubly unsaturated esters present. If such hydrogenations are carried out in the presence of a nickel catalyst containing even traces of nickel sulfide, an isomerization takes place so that the product contains isooleates (elaidates). Paterson (14) observed that this so-called elaidinization does not take place in the presence of nickel catalysts free of sulfur. Bailey, Fuege, and Smith (15) found that a nickel catalyst prepared from nickel sulfate catalyzed elaidinization." Ziels and Schmidt (16) recom-... 

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