Schizophyllan structure

Fig. 2 Structure of schizophyllan repeat unit and a schematic representation of the triple helix formed in aqueous solution. Figure adapted with permission from [45]. 2003 Elsevier...

Figure 6.3 (Top) The chemical structures of schizophyllan, curdlan, and a representative model of schizophyllan triple helix, (a) TEM image of as-grown-SWNT/s-SPG composite, and (b,c) its magnified picture, (d) The original image of (c) was Fourier filtered to enhance the contrast of the composite.41 (Reprinted with permission from M. Numata et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 5875-5884. Copyright 2005 American Chemical Society.)...

The similar observations of the sodium hydroxide concentration dependencies of the peak positions, relative peak intensities, and line-widths of schizophyllan revealed that, like lentinan, its molecule adopted single-helical conformation at lower NaOH concentrations (<0.13 N), while the transition to the random-coil state took place at 0.19 N. Grifolan produced soft gel at neutral pH whose NMR spectrum was similar to those of lentinan and schizophyllan [42]. However, different preparations of grifolan possessed two kinds of solid-state structure and formed different gel types that were described as a helix type (similar to that of lentinan) and a native type that had different structure. Both structures were investigated by NMR spectroscopy, the accent being made on the differences in gel-to-sol transitions induced by addition of alkali, DMSO or urea [86]. 

M. Numata, T. Hasegawa, T. Eujisawa, K. Sakurai, S. Shinkai, /3-1,3-Glucan (schizophyllan) can act as a one-dimensional host for creation of novel poly(aniline) nanofiber structures, Org. Lett, 2004, 6, 4447 450. 

Glucan structural unit is the other factor which has major influence on the bioactivities of polysaccharides. Mostly, glucan is the basic structural unit of polysaccharides extracted from plants [113]. The literature strongly indicates that the antitumor and antiviral properties of polysaccharides isolated from medicinal plants/mushrooms associate with their glucan structures [114]. For example, len-tinan from Lentinula edodes, schizophyllan from Schizophyllum commune, which have been used for extensive anticancer treatment and also in many clinical trials, contain glucan units in their mam-chain structures [115,116],... 

It is important to note here that the DB determines the tertiary structure of polysaccharides, which is a crucial factor that has dramatic effect on their bioactivities. For example, schizophyllan and lentinan have triple helical con-formers formed by (1 —> 3)-p-glucans, which were demonstrated to be necessary for antitumor effects [108]. 

Fig. 4.24 Molecular structures of p-(l->3)-glucans. The subset (a) shows the repeating unit of schizophyllan, one of the p-(l->3)-glucans, for example. The natural p-(l-43)-glucans take the form of a right-handed triple helix. The subset (b) shows the helix of curdlan the helix pitch and diameter are 1.88 and 1.56 nm, respectively. Here, the circles represent glucoses. The subset (c) shows how the hydrogen bonds are formed between the adjoining glucoses.

Since the local polymer conformation in solution is sometimes related to the crystalline structure, the complex structure in solution should be represented by a triple helix similar to that of the original P-(1 3)-glucans. Based on the above discussion, we can construct a structural model for the complex with computer chemistry. First, we constructed the triple helix of schizophyllan (a right-handed 6i triple helix with a 17.4 A) according to the literatures," and took one chain... 

We prepared a 2-aminoethanol-appended schizophyllan with a modification level of 2.4% with the method presented in Fig. 4.35, and hereinafter designated as N-s-SPG. When N-s-SPG is mixed with poly(C), it forms a complex that exhibits the same spectroscopic behavior as the poly(C)/s-SPG complex.This indicates that the presence of the anion group in the side chain does not obstruct the complexation at all. Furthermore, the coincidence of the CD spectra implies that the complex structure is almost identical between the poly(C)/s-SPG and poly(C)/N-s-SPG complexes. In fact, the Job plot for the poly(C)/N-s-SPG system shows that the stoichiometric number n is close to 0.40, similar to that of poly(C)/s-SPG. 

For example, the formation kinetics and structure of hematite floes formed in the presence of a large rigid extra-cellular polysaccharide, schizophyllan, was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM),... 

Scleroglucan and schizophyllan (Fig. 19) are examples of fnngal polysaccharides (72,75,81,84). Their structures are identical except for the distribntion of... 

Figure 9.3 Sugar-responsive hydrogel based on the interaction between boronic acid-appended poly(acrylic acid) (pAA-BA) and the polysaccharide schizophyllan (SPG), (a) Chemical structures of pAA-BA and SPG and an illustration of their binding, (b) Photographs of hydrogel prepared from pAA-BA and SPG and its fructose responsiveness. (Reproduced by permission of Chemical Society of Japan.)...

Y. Zhang, H. Kong, Y. Fang, K. Nishinari, G.O. Phillips, Schizophyllan A review on its structure, properties, bioactivities and recent developments. Bioactive Carbohydr. Dietary Fibre, 1, 53-71, 2013. 

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