Schizophrenia temporal cortex

Multinuclear MRS studies have demonstrated alterations in brains of schizophrenic patients. Phosphorus MRS studies, looking at both first-onset-unmedicated and chronic-medicated schizophrenia, consistently report alterations in the phospholipid profile in the frontal and temporal cortex [26-30]. Typically, phosphomonoester (PME) levels are lower than in controls, and phosphodiesters... 

Grimwood S, Slater P, Deakin JF, Hutson PH. NR2B-containing NMDA receptors are up-regulated in temporal cortex in schizophrenia. NeuroReport 1999 10(3) 461-465. 

Aston C, Jiang L, Sokolov BP. Microarray analysis of postmortem temporal cortex from patients with schizophrenia. J Neurosci Res 2004 77(6) 858-866. 

Several studies have consistently implicated SNAP-25 in schizophrenia. Postmortem SNAP-25 protein was found to be decreased in the hippocampus (Young et al., 1998 Fatemi et al., 2001 Thompson et al., 2003a), prefrontal cortex (Thompson et al., 1998 Karson et al., 1999), temporal cortex (Thompson et al., 1998), anterior frontal cortex (Honer et al., 2002), and cerebellum (Mukaetova-Ladinska et al., 2002) of individuals with schizophrenia. Conversely, elevated SNAP-25 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia was observed (Thompson et al., 1999 Thompson et al., 2003b). One study failed to find a change in SNAP-25 in the prefrontal cortex (Brodman s area 9) of individuals with schizophrenia, but did find an increase in individuals with bipolar disorder (Scarr et al., 2006). 

Chance SA, Tzotzoli PM, Vitelli A, Esiri MM, Crow TJ. 2004. The cytoarchitecture of sulcal folding in Heschl s sulcus and the temporal cortex in the normal brain and schizophrenia Lamina thickness and cell density. Neurosci Lett 367(3) 384-388. 

Nudmamud S, Reynolds LM, Reynolds GP. 2003. N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate deficits in superior temporal cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder A postmortem study. Biol Psychiatry 53 1138-1141. 

Only one study has examined cortical GABAb receptor expression in schizophrenia, finding decreased protein levels in the temporal cortex in this illness ( Table 4.2-5) (Mizukami et al., 2002). 

Nudmamud-Thanoi S, Reynolds GP. 2004. The NR1 subunit of the glutamate/NMDA receptor in the superior temporal cortex in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Neurosci... 

Another set of proteins that bind to the SNARE complex are complexins I and II. These small proteins ( 15 kD) are highly enriched in brain, particularly at synapses. Complexins are implicated in calcium-mediated neurotransmitter release, where their role is thought to be in the stabilization of the SNARE complex (Marz and Hanson, 2002). Both complexins are also implicated in schizophrenia, as levels of complexin I and II mRNA are decreased in the temporal lobe and hippocampus (Eastwood and Harrison, 1998), while levels of complexin II mRNA are decreased in the cerebellum (Eastwood et al., 2001b). This is consistent with the finding that complexin I protein is decreased in the prefrontal cortex (Sawada et al., 2002), and both complexins I and II protein are decreased in the hippocampus (Sawada et al., 2005) of... 

Shenton ME, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA, Poliak SD, LeMay M, et al. 1992. Abnormalities of the left temporal lobe and thought disorder in schizophrenia. A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study. N Engl J Med 327(9) 604-612. Smiley JF, Dwork AJ, Hackett TA, Ilievski B, Mancevski B, et al. 2002. Hemispheric comparisons of neuron density and volume of the human primary auditory cortex. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. 

---