Schizophrenia obsessive-compulsive

HT has been implicated in the etiology of numerous disease states, including depression, anxiety, social phobia, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorders,... 

Prefrontal cortex Impulse control, attention, behavior monitoring, organization of complex information Attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression... 

The anxiety disorders are common and surprisingly disabling conditions. Studies on the health economics of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder document the cost to the individual and to society. Attention has focused on the major psychiatric disorders such as depression, schizophrenia and the dementias. Studies suggest that many anxiety disorders are of early onset and too often chronic they are quite common and impose a heavy burden on society. More studies will be needed to discern the fine grain in the survey material and to identify more precisely the location and type of societal costs. These factors will vary from country to country, from district to district, between men and women and between various age groups. 

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). In theory, distingnishing the obsessions and compnlsive ritnals of OCD from the delusions and behavioral peculiarities of schizophrenia shonld be straightforward. Usually, the OCD patient is aware of the excessive natnre of his/her obsessions and wishes to be rid of them. The delusional patient with schizophrenia is nnaware that these false beliefs are not based in reality and clings to them tenacionsly. However, a few OCD patients lose the insight that their obsessions are excessive. At this point, the distinction between obsession and delnsion often becomes blnrred. 

Although genetic influences on the dynamics of drug response have been studied in a wide range of disorders, most of the studies have been carried out in only the past few years. Disorders and behaviors studied include Alzheimer s disease, schizophrenia, depression, suicide, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), substance abuse, smoking, and alcoholism. Across these disorders, however, there has been a focus on only a handful of neuroeffector systems. These include apolipoprotein and the cholinergic system (in Alzhei-... 

It included psychotropics approved for the following indications generalized anxiety disorder panic disorder attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) mania obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) schizophrenia and insomnia. 

Bark N, lindenmayer J-P Ineffectiveness of clomipramine for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a patient with schizophrenia (letter). Am J Psychiatry 149 136-137, 1992... 

Fenton WS, McGlashan TH The prognostic significance of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 143 437-441, 1986 Ferbert A, Priori A, RothwelJC, et al Interhemispheric inhibition of the human motor cortex. J Physiol Fond 453 525-546, 1992 Fergusson DM, Horwood Al, Lynskey MT Maternal depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms in adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 36 1161-1178, 1995... 

Eisen JL, Beer DA, Pato MT, et al. Obsessive compulsive disorder in patients with schizophrenia or schizo- affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1997 154 271-273. 

Prior to Solms s work, sleep researchers did not suspect this region to be of crucial importance to dreaming even though, as Solms points out, there was evidence in the literature on the effects of deep bifrontal leucotomy, an operation introduced in the 1930s to relieve intractable cases of schizophrenia and severe obsessive-compulsive disorders. According to Solms, a loss of dreaming was sometimes reported, in addition to such side effects as motoric inertia, bland docility, and emotional passivity. 

Extension of this specificity principle to the clinical domain has resulted in the availability of increasingly well-aimed chemical bullets. If we wanted to block just one of the many serotonin receptors to see what would happen, we could probably do it But if we wanted to elevate mood in depression—or obsessive-compulsive disorder—would we expect the best result if we blocked just that one receptor And if we wanted to discourage auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia, would we want our drug to target only D2 dopamine receptors, even if we knew that the antipsychotic action of drugs correlated well with a drug s affinity for those receptors ... 

Some mental disorders, such as schizophrenia or bipolar illness, may have a higher chance of being expressed in vulnerable individuals as compared with disorders such as depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorder, which may more frequently lie dormant in the vulnerable individual (Fig. 4—5). Thus, genetic endowment gives... 

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms during clozapine therapy have been suggested to be more common than first reported (SEDA-21, 54). In a retrospective cohort study, new or worse obsessiveness has been analysed in 121 consecutive young patients with recent-onset schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders taking clozapine and other neuroleptic drugs (108). More clozapine-treated subjects (21%) had new or worse obsessiveness than subjects treated with other neuroleptic drugs (1.3%). 

In three other cases, olanzapine caused significant exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia (two cases) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (one case) (151). 

Isoniazid can cause neuropsychiatric syndromes, including euphoria, transient impairment of memory, separation of ideas and reality, loss of self-control, psychoses (421), and obsessive-compulsive neurosis (422). Isoniazid should be used with caution in patients with pre-existing psychoses, as it can cause relapse of paranoid schizophrenia (423). Patients on chronic dialysis appear to be vulnerable to neurological adverse drug reactions, because of abnormal metabolism of uremic toxins. It is therefore recommended that a... 

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