Schematic representation of packing

FIG. 5 Schematic representation of packing arrangements of natural amphipathic double-chain lipids with different headgroup size in crystalline bilayers. The small filled circles indicate the accommodation of spacer molecules, such as water or ions. (Reprinted by permission from Ref 14, copyright 1992, Elsevier Science.)... 

Fig. 1 (a) y-CD chemical structure and approximate dimensions of a-, P-, and y- CDs schematic representation of packing structures of (c) cage-type, (d) layer-type, and (e) head-to-tail channel-type CD crystals and (f) CD-IC channels containing included polymer guests... 

Pig. 22. Schematic representation of typical pressure drop as a function of superficial gas velocity, expressed in terms of G = /9q tiQ, in packed columns. O, Dry packing , low Hquid flow rate I, higher Hquid flow rate. The points do not correspond to actual experimental data, but represent examples. 

Figure 2.10 Schematic representation of a vaporizing chamber/precolumn solvent split/gas discharge interface, where the vaporizer is packed and heated at a suitable temperature for solvent evaporation. The vapour exit can be positioned at the end of the retention gap.

Figure 14.8 shows a detailed schematic representation of a natural gas analysis System, which fully complies with GPA standardization (8). This set-up utilizes four packed columns in connection with a TCD and one capillary column in connection with an FID. The contents of both sample loops, which are connected in series, are used to perform two separate analyses, one on the capillary column and one on the packed columns. The resulting chromatograms are depicted in Figure 14.9. 

Figure 4 Schematic representation of microspheres showing a two-dimensional hexagonal packing arrangement [24].

Fig. 10. Mode of packing of right- (/ ) and left-handed (L) helices in the a form of i-PP, viewed along the c axis. The triangles are schematic representations of the three-fold helices, with the methyl groups projecting at the vertices.

FIGURE 4 A schematic representation of the arrangement in a gas chromatograph. The coiled column, which is packed with the stationary phase, may be as long as 100 m. 

Fig. 12a-c. Schematic representation of the tilted layer structures for the polyphilic molecules in a strongly fractured conformation a the random up-down configuration b polar packing of molecules within the layer c two-dimensional (modulated) polar structure (Blinov et al. [44])... 

Figure 6.1 Schematic representation of human isoferritins of different subunit composition. Each ferritin subunit is represented as a sausage and subunits are packed in a symmetrical shell. Twelve of the 24 subunits are visible, with H-chain subunits stippled and L-chain subunits plain. Homopolymers of H-chain and L-chain subunits are at the top and bottom of the figure respectively. The sources of various ferritins are listed in the right hand column. Reprinted from Harrison and Arosio, 1996. Copyright (1996), with permission from Elsevier Science.

Figure 2.36(a) Schematic representation of the incommensurate close-packed overlayer of Cu on Au formed in the perchlorate electrolyte The open circles are the gold atoms. Only part of the monolayer is shown in order to exhibit the overlayer-underlayer orientation, (b) Schematic representation of the more open lattice formed in the sulphuric acid electrolyte. From Manne... 

Figure 1. Schematic representation of the molecular packing of a polyphenylenethynylene.

The thermal conductivity detector (TCD) is a classical detector for both packed and capillary columns. A schematic representation of a modern... 

Fig. 10 Schematic representation of the nanoreplication processes from block copolymers, a Growth of high-density nanowires from a nanoporous block copolymer thin film. An asymmetric PS-fc-PMMA diblock copolymer was aligned to form vertical PMMA cylinders under an electric field. After removal of the PMMA minor component, a nanoporous film is formed. By electrodeposition, an array of nanowires can be replicated in the porous template (adapted from [43]). b Hexagonally packed array of aluminum caps generated from rod-coil microporous structures. Deposition of aluminum was achieved on the photooxidized area of the rod-coil honeycomb structure (Taken from [35])...

The association of secondary structures to give super-secondary structures, which frequently constitute compactly folded domains in globular proteins, is completed by the a-a motifs in which two a-helices are packed in an anti-parallel fashion, with a short connecting loop (Figure 4.8c). Examples of these three structural domains, often referred to as folds, are illustrated in Figures 4.9—4.11. The schematic representation of the main chains of proteins, introduced by Jane Richardson, is used with the polypeptide backbone... 

Fig. I Schematic representation of the molecule packing structure (top) and energy level structure (bottom) of H- and J-aggregates as compared to those of the monomer molecule (M)...

Fig. 4 Schematic representation of possible packing of dye (D, bars) molecules containing long aliphatic groups into the J-aggregates in lipid (L, circles) layer, presented as seen perpendicular top) and along bottom) the lipid layer surface...

Figure 5.2 Schematic representation of a cell with a power pack (in series) to force electron-transfer reactions to occur also indicated on the circuit are the anode (the positive electrode at which oxidation occurs) and the cathode (the negative electrode at which reduction occurs). Note that this figure would be equivalent to Figure 5.1 if the power pack was to drive the electrons in the opposite direction.

Fig. 4. Schematic representation of template-assembled synthetic proteins. The conforma-tionally restricted template can be orthogonally protected and sequentially linked to helical segments to form a large variety of functionalized TASP proteins. Flexible spacers that connect the folded peptide segments and the template provide the necessary conformational freedom that will allow the hydrophobic residues to find their optimum orientations for packing the core...

Fig. 2. The P4-P6-domain of the group I intron of Tetrahymena thermophila. A Schematic representation of the secondary structure of the whole self-cleaving intron (modified after Cate et al. [34]). The labels for the paired regions P4 to P6 are indicated. The grey shaded region indicate the phylogenetically conserved catalytic core. The portion of the ribozyme that was crystallized is framed. B Three dimensional structure of the P4-P6 domain. Helices of the PSabc extension are packed against helices of the conserved core due to a bend of approximately 150° at one end of the molecule...

FIGURE 16.11 Schematic representation of eluent gradient polymer HPLC. Two polymer species A and B are separated. They exhibit different nature and different interactivity with the column packing (e.g., adsorp-tivity) or with the mobile phase (solubility). The linear gradient from the retention promoting mobile phase to the elution promoting mobile phase is applied. The focused peaks—one for each polymer composition/ architecture—are formed in the appropriately chosen systems. Each peak contains species with different molar masses. 

Fig. 68. Schematic representation of three types of anionic porphyrins in a cast multibilayer film of 33. For simplicity, counterions are not shown. The bilayer packing is based on the X-ray diffraction data. Type I porphyrins (Fig. 66) assume random orientations. Type II and III porphyrins stay horizontally on the bilayer surfaces [445]...

Figure 11 shows a schematic representation of this column. It consists of alternate agitated sections and packed sections, the former each... 

Figure 7. Schematic representation of the packing arrangement in cyclodextrin complexes (a) channel type, (b) cage or herringbone type, and (c) brick type. (Reproduced with permission from W. Sanger in Inclusion Compounds, Vol. 2, J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, and D. D. MacNicol, Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1984, p. 231.)...

Fig. 2.11 Schematic representation of the transition from hexagonally packed cylinders to disorder following cessation of large-amplitude shear, deduced from SANS experiments on an asymmetric PEP-PEE diblock (Bates et al. 1994). Shear was used to stabilize a hex phase above the equilibrium ODT, and the relaxation back to the equilibrium disordered phase was followed after the shear was stopped. Close to the ODT, the transition r, —> u was postulated, while at a higher temperature, (ri) > rr ) r, was indicated.

Figure 3. Schematic representation of the diffusion resistances considered for packed-bed MTZ analysis...

Figure 6.23 Schematic representation of the packing of cyclodextrin structures, (a) Head-to-head channel type (b) head-to-tail channel type (c) cage type (d) layer type and (e) layer type composed of /TCD dimers. (Reproduced from [24] with permission of Elsevier).

Figure 14 Inclusion compound of benzyl methyl sulfoxide by 1. (a) Layer structure, (b) Packing (CPK model) and schematic representation of both recognition sites. For clarity, phenyl groups of 1 and guest are unshaded and gray, respectively.

---