Schematic representation of lamellar

Fig. 4 Schematic representation of lamellar—.hexagonal phase transformation (a through d) and the hexagonal—reubic transformation (e and f). The shaded circles around the surfactant aggregates represent the inorganic species (generally metal alkoxides or other metal-oxo species).

Idealised schematic representations of lamellar and molecular orientation in the Hay and Keller sheets are shown in Fig. 17. 

Figure 3.1. Schematic representation of lamellar crystal. Ic - lamellar thickness, 1 — interfacial defect boundaries alternated by amorphous regions, D, — die average coherent length of the crystals. [Adapted, by permission, from Balta-Calleja, F J Ezquerra, T A,...

Fig. 5.1 Schematic representation of lamellar liquid crystalline structures.

Figure 5.5 Schematic representation of lamellar stack showing Bragg spacing (L) in terms of lamellar thickness (4) and amorphous thickness (4).

Fig. 17. Schematic representation of the sup-ramolecular structure of polymers containing lamellar crystals...

Fig. 18a-c. Schematic representation of ECC melting under isometric conditions (a), of ECC melting if samples are allowed to shrink during melting (b), of melting of a lamellar crystal (c)... 

Figure 14 Schematic representation of the microphase separation of block copolymers. The left graph shows atomic-scale details of the phase separation at intermediate temperatures, and the right graph shows a lamellar phase formed by block copolymers at low temperatures. The block copolymers have solid-like properties normal to the lamellae, because of a well-defined periodicity. In the other two directions, the system is isotropic and has fluid-like characteristics. From reference 54.

Fig. 2. Schematic representation of typical lamellar phospholipid phases.

Figure 1. Schematic representation of two lyotropic mesophases. The lamellar phase (left) is a periodical stacking along one dimension of soap and water lamellae. In the hexagonal phase (right), the soap cylinders are organized in a two-dimensional array.

Fig. 4.5. Schematic representation of the lamellar formation of a regioregular polythiophene system via intermolecular side-chain interdigitation.

NanoPQT dispersion, with n-n stacking reflection (d) XRD of annealed PQT-12 film, with reflections for interchain ordering only at 26= 5.1°, 10.1°, 15.2° (e) electron micrograph of annealed film showing n-n stack reflection and (f) schematic representation of PQT-12 lamellar n-n stacking structure [46]. 

Figure 4.15 Schematic representation of the sequential steps taken for the formation of multilayers based on electrostatic self-assembly using cationic polymers and anionic a-ZrP sheets (see text for further details). Reprinted from Coord. Chem. Rev., 185-186, D.M. Kaschak, S.A. Johnson, C.C. Waraksa,J. Pogue and T.E. Mallouk, Artificial photosynthesis in lamellar assemblies of metal poly(pyridyl) complexes and metalloporphyrins, 403-416, Copyright (1999), with permission from Elsevier Science...

Figure 12. Schematic representation of the five elemental structures used by Jonsson and Wennerstrom [18] (a) spherical, (b) cylindrical, (c) lamellar, (d) inverted cylindrical, and (e) inverted spherical. Nonpolar regions are crosshatched.

Fig. 7. Schematic representation of the mechanisms of membrane fusion. Conventional process involving the non-lamellar fusion (upper) and method proceeding through restructuring and ultimately merging of the membrane on a less order basis (lower) (taken from [22])...

Fig. 11 Schematic representation of all the phases considered. Dark a, white b, gray e. (a) Lamellar phase, (b) Coaxed cylinder phase, (c) Lamella-cylinder phase, (d) Lamella-sphere phase, (e) Cylinder-ring phase, (f) Cylindrical domains in a square lattice structure, (g) Spherical domains in the CsCI type structure, (h) Lamella-cylinder-II. (i) Lamella-sphere-II. (j) Cylinder-sphere. (k) Concentric spherical domain in the bcc structure. Reprinted with permission from Zheng et el. [104]. Copyright 1995 American Chemical Society...

Figure 4.11. (a) Schematic representation of a screw dislocation in a lamellar single crystal of PE. The chain direction is [001], (b) Dependence of yield stress cr on crystal thickness ic for crystals of branched PE ( ) and linear PE ( ). The continuous line is calculated from eq. (4.10). (After Young, 1988.)... 

Fig. 10 Schematic representation of surfactant in multilamellar droplet phase with entrapped metal ions (M ) in the aqueous phase (W) layers, which are separated by surfactant bilayers. The number of layers (hence the size of the surfactant droplet) is dependent on temperature and concentration. When the surfactant head group is positively charged thus encapsulating oppositely charged metal ions, under an electric field, surfactant lamellar droplets migrate to the anode and form a highly stable viscous gel in which the positively charged metal ions are concentrated at the anode only separated by the surfactant bilayer. (From...

Fig.1 Schematic representation of the lamellar microphase-separated structure of PB-PBLG block copolymers as proposed by Gallot et al. [19]. dx = thickness of the PB layer ...

Fig. 5 Schematic representation of the (hexagonal-in-)imdulated lamellar bulk nanoscale structure found for PS-PZLL diblock copolymers. (Reprinted from [46]. Copyright 2002, with permission from Elsevier)...

Fig. 4.9 Molecular model for the ionic dendrimers with a lamellar mesomorphism and schematic representation of the molecular organization of the SmA mesophase (Reproduced from Ref. [106] with kind permission of The American Chemical Society)...

Formation of lamellar liquid crystalline phases at the O/W interface This mechanism, as suggested by Friberg and coworkers [37], proposed that surfactant or mixed surfactant film can produce several bilayers that wrap the droplets. As a result of these multilayer structures, the potential drop is shifted to longer distances, thus reducing the van der Waals attractions. A schematic representation of the role of Hquid crystals is shown in Figure 10.32, which illustrates the difference between having a monomolecular layer and a multilayer, as is the case with hquid crystals. 

Figure 2.17 Schematic representation of (a) fofd plane showing regular" chain folding, (b) ideal stacking of lamellar crystals, (c) interlamellar amorphous model, and (d) fringed micelle model of randomly distributed crystallites.

Figure 1.89 Structure of dipalmitoyl L-a-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) to illustrate the main molecular parameters and structural features that dictate the formation of crystalline lamellar phases of macromolecular lipid assemblies. Schematic representation of a phospholipid molecule is also show (inset).

Figure 4.8 Schematic representation of the possible coordination features of transition metal cations of a hybrid matrix with lamellar (a) or hexagonal (b) and (c) nanostructure.

Figure 6.6 Schematic representation of the network structure of lamellar M0O3.

Fig. 6.20 Chemical structures of 92-94 and schematic representation of their self-assemblies, which led to the formation of lamellar, ordered thin films through the stacking of the hydrogen bonded tapes...

Figure 12. Schematic representation of three different lyomesophases, lamellar, cubic, or columnar hexagonal in type [97].

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