Schematic representation of energy levels

Fio. 3. Schematic representation of energy levels, populations and resultant patterns of polarization in the n.m.r. s]3eotrum of an AB spin system. (Relative population of the energy levels is indicated by the thickness of the bars.)... 

Fig. 14. Schematic representation of energy levels and transitions for fluorescence and related processes kic, rate constant for interval conversion fcF, rate constant for fluorescence fcISC, rate constant for intersystems crossing fc[cp> rate constant for internal conversion from triplet state kp, rate constant for phosphorescence S, energy level for the first excited singlet state after solvent rearrangement for a polarity probe in a polar solvent.

Fig. 1. Schematic representation of energy levels for organotransition metal compounds (a) without n bonding and (b) with ir bonding (12).

Figure 23 Schematic representation of energy levels for monomer radical and dimer radical cations AH is the stabilization energy of dimer radical cations.

Figure 5.4.1-2 Designation of molecular orbitals schematic representation of energy levels for a molecule with one ct, one jt and one n electron pair. From Zollinger, 1991.

FIGURE 4. Schematic representation of energy levels of a photoacid RO H and its conjugate base R 0 ApA"a = piTa P a = where N is the Avogadro constant, h is the... 

FIGURE 30.15 Schematic representation of energy levels in a deficit semiconductor such as Cu2-xO. 

Figure 4. Schematic representation of energy levels of azulen and biacetyl.

Figure 1. Schematic representation of three levels of chain models considered and the coarse-graining procedure. The top level is an atomistic model of polyolefins. The second level shows two intermediate models site overlapping semiflexible chain (with bending energy e ) and freely jointed branched chain. The bottom level is the Gaussian thread chain.

Fig. 1.5 Schematic representation of energy dependency of the density of state (DOS) in the presence of resonance energy level, reproduced from Ref. [56] by permission of The Royal Society of (Themistiy...

Figure Bl.15.8. (A) Left side energy levels for an electron spin coupled to one nuclear spin in a magnetic field, S= I =, gj >0, a<0, and a l 2h)<(a. Right side schematic representation of the four energy levels with )= Mg= , Mj= ). +-)=1, ++)=2, -)=3 and -+)=4. The possible relaxation paths are characterized by the respective relaxation rates W. The energy levels are separated horizontally to distinguish between the two electron spin transitions. Bottom ENDOR spectra shown when a /(21j)< ca (B) and when co < a /(2fj) (C).

Figure B2.5.13. Schematic representation of the four different mechanisms of multiphoton excitation (i) direct, (ii) Goeppert-Mayer (iii) quasi-resonant stepwise and (iv) incoherent stepwise. Full lines (right) represent the coupling path between the energy levels and broken arrows the photon energies with angular frequency to (Aco is the frequency width of the excitation light in the case of incoherent excitation), see also [111].

Figure 7-18. Schematic representation of the LCAO scheme in a, T-only calculation for ethylene, The AOs

Figure 1 (a) Schematic representation of the electronic energy levels of a C atom and... 

Figure 3.11 Schematic representation of the energy levels in various types of 3-centre bond. The B-H-B ( electron deficient ) bond is non-linear, the ( electron excess ) F-Xe-F bond is linear, and the A-H B hydrogen bond can be either linear or non-linear depending on the compound.

Figure 5.7. Schematic representation of the definitions of work function O, chemical potential of electrons i, electrochemical potential of electrons or Fermi level p = EF, surface potential %, Galvani (or inner) potential

Figure 6.10. Schematic representation of the energy levels of a typical 3d transition metal. The extended s and p orbitals form the broad...

FIGURE 30.5 Schematic representation of the energy levels in photosynthesis. 

Fig. 1.1 Schematic representation of the population difference of spins at different magnetic field strengths. The two different spin quantum number values of the ]H spin, +34 and -34, are indicated by arrows. Spins assume the lower energy state preferentially, the ratio bet-ween upper and lower energy level being given by the Boltzmann distribution.

The various intramolecular processes initiated by light absorption are illustrated schematically in Figure 1.1. Such a schematic representation of the energy levels and photophysical processes which can occur in the excited... 

Figure 1.7 A schematic representation of electron transfer between Fe(H20) + and a metal electrode. The figure represents (i) the total electronic energy of the Fe(H20)3 + ion together with the energy of the electron at the Fermi level of the metal (ii> the total electronic energy of the Fc(H20)jr + ion, plotted vs. the Fe-O bond distance in the hydrates.

Fig. 2 (a) Schematic representation of the energy levels diagrams for a DBA system and a MBM junction in which the electron transfer process is dominated (b) by superexchange or non-resonant tunnelling, (c) by resonant tunnelling or (d) by hopping ... 

Fig. 4 Schematic representation of (1) the energy of electron donor (D) or electron acceptor (A) units (regardless as to whether molecules or electrodes), (2) the HOMO and LUMO molecular orbitals, and (3) the energy gap AE between D/A and the molecular orbitals, (a) AE is changed by changing the electronic structure of the molecular bridge, (b) AE is changed by changing the energy levels of the donor or acceptor units...

Figure 1. Schematic representation of a molecular-level wire (a) and examples of photoinduced energy (b) and electron (c) transfer processes.

Fig. I Schematic representation of the molecule packing structure (top) and energy level structure (bottom) of H- and J-aggregates as compared to those of the monomer molecule (M)...

Figure 4.6 Schematic representation of a portion of the spectrum of linear XYZ local molecule. The scale is that appropriate to HCN. The energy levels are obtained using Eq. (4.54) with Ni = 144, N2 = 47, A, = -1.208 cm-1, A2 = -10.070 cm 1, A12 = -1.841...

Figure 4.8 Schematic representation of the portion of the spectrum of an XYZ normal-mode molecule. The energy levels are computed using Eq. (4.59) with Nt = 144, N2 =47, 2 = 2.078 cm-1, Al2 = 1.571 cm-1.

Fig. 2 Schematic representation of the so-called semiclassical treatment of kinetic isotope effects for hydrogen transfer. All vibrational motions of the reactant state are quantized and all vibrational motions of the transition state except for the reaction coordinate are quantized the reaction coordinate is taken as classical. In the simplest version, only the zero-point levels are considered as occupied and the isotope effect and temperature dependence shown at the bottom are expected. Because the quantization of all stable degrees of freedom is taken into account (thus the zero-point energies and the isotope effects) but the reaction-coordinate degree of freedom for the transition state is considered as classical (thus omitting tunneling), the model is ealled semielassieal.

Fig. 2 Schematic representation of the energy levels of the bare C (denoted as C - - M) and of its complexes with M (denoted as [C-M]). Dq,Dq and Dq as the binding energies of the adducts in the ground, excited, and ionized state, respectively.

Fig. 15 Simplified schematic representation of the electronic energy levels in a single-layer PLED. CB and VB are the conduction hand and valence hand, respectively, of the semiconducting polymer, which correspond to the ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) relative to vacuum level (EV). The work functions for anode (and cathode (

Fig. 17 Schematic representation of the device structures described in Refs. 107 and III a single-layer EHO-OPPE, b two-layer EHO-OPPE/poly-TPD, c single-layer EHO-OPPE poly-TPD blend, and d two-layer EHO-OPPE poly-TPDblend with additional spiro-Qux holeblocking layer, and their corresponding energy-level diagrams. The working functions of Ca (2.9 eV) and Cr (4.5 eV) were omitted. Reproduced with permission from [111]...

Fig. 12.1 Schematic representation of the consecutive steps of dissolution by protonation of a M " oxide. In the lower part the activation energy, Eg, levels of the corresponding steps are shown (Stumm Furrer, 1987, with permission).

Fig. 3.6 A schematic representation of semiconductor energy band levels and energy distribution of the electrolyte redox system.

Figure 4 Schematic representation of the populations of the nuclear spin energy levels of a quadrupolar nucleus with spin 5/2 (such as Mg) under a strong magnetic field and a perturbative quadrupole coupling showing (A) populations at thermal equilibrium, (B) populations after complete saturation of the satellite transitions, and (C) populations after complete inversion of the satellite transitions, following the order first, inversion of STl and ST4 and then inversion of ST2 and ST3. The numbers at left of each level (named pj in the text) are proportional to the population of that level, with —hVl/ 2k T= 0. ...

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