Schappe

R. Paulson, A. Aquino, H. Decker, and T. Schapp, in I. J. Shapiro, ed.. Modem Utilisation of Infrared Technology VTII, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 366, SPIE, Bellingham, Wash., 1983, pp. 88-95. 

A. P. Schapp (ed.), Singlet Molecular Oxygen, Benchmark Papers in Organic Chemistry, Vol. 5, Dowden, Hutchinson, and Ross, New York (1976). 

EMS hybrid yarns or Schappe s preimpregnated yarns are a combination of reinforcing fibres (glass, aramid or carbon) and polyamide 12. 

Williams, S.P., Athey, B.D., Muglia, L.J., Schappe, R.S., Gough, A.H., and Langmore, J.P. (1986) Chromatin fiber are left-handed double helices with diameter and mass per unit length that depend on linker length. Biophys. J. 49(1), 233-248. 

The innermost and outer layers of the cocoon are regarded as waste material, as are inferior cocoons, or those that already hatched. This material is degummed and carded, yielding short-fiber silk that is called schappe. The degumming process of these fibers often involves fermentation in manure. 

Both degumming and partial degumming are only suitable for reeled silk (greige). These finishing processes are insignificant where schappe and bourette silks are concerned, since these are freed from their gum in the early stages of preparation before spinning [66]. 

K. Suwa, T. Kimura, A.P. Schapp (1977). Reactivity of singlet molecular oxygen with cholesterol in a phospholipid membrane matrix. A model for oxidative damage to membranes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 75, 785-792. 

H. Schapp, B. Hupfer, R. A. van Wagenen, J. D. Andrade, and H. Ringsdorf, Surface characterization of functional poly (diacetylene) and poly (butadiene) mono- and multilayers. Colloid and Polymer Science 260 262 (1982). 

To recover the silk, the pupae are killed with steam or hot air. By immersing the cocoons in hot water, the silk glue is softened. Rotating brushes catch the end of the silk fiber and 4-10 of the threads are wound together onto a reel and dried. Of the 3 000-4 000 m of thread per cocoon, only about 90 m can be unwound. The outer and inner layers are too impure and are used along with damaged cocoons in schappe spinning. 

Saertex, Saerbeck, Germany Schappe Techniques, Charnoz, ... 

EMS-Chemie and Schappe Techniques have produced a flexible carbon- polyamide 12 hybrid yarn by blending PA 12 staple fibers with stretch broken carbon fibers with a staple length of about 80 mm. This hybrid material can be compression molded, giving void free composites. 

Schappe Techniques Sari (STS), Charnoz, France—use stretch breaking process to manufacture opf, and carbon fiber yarns and material for carbon-carbon preforms. Market a range of Graphilite precision cut fiber fillers from opf and carbon fibers for composite materials and conductive coatings. 

Schappe A yarn from partly degummed silk waste. 

LIU, L. MEYDANI, M. 2002. Combined vitamin C and E supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart transplant patients. NutrRev, 60, 368-71. LOVE-GREGORY L., SHERVA, R., SCHAPPE, T., QL J. S., MCCREA, J., KLEIN, S., CONNELLY,... 

Karawajew L, Ruppert V, Wutcher C, Kosser A, Schappe M, Dorken B, Ludwing WD (2000) Inhibition in vitro spontaneous apoptosis by IL-7 correlates with upregulation of Bcl-2, cortical/mature immunophenotype, and bettercytoreduction in childhood T-ALL. 

Schappe A yam from partly degununed silk waste. 

Fiber length (mm) 10-60 technical fiber 450-800 elementary fiber 10-40 fine wool 55-75 coarse wool 150-300 reel silk 300-1000 m schappe silk 50-250 m... 

Waste silk and parts of the cocoon not suitable for reeling may be processed into staple fiber yarns according to the schappe or bourette spinning method, depending on their staple length. These procedures are similar to the worsted yarn process or the woolen spinning process (Chapter 3). 

In industrial production, the silkworm is grown on trays, and the larvae are fed with freshly harvested mulberry tree leaves. Thirty grams of eggs (40000-60000) consume one ton of leaves in the 35 days of their life time. The pupae contained in the cocoons are killed by steam. In the filature (reeling plant), the cocoons are treated with hot water, whereby they are opened to show reelable thread ends. The continuous filaments (up to 3000 m long) are wound onto a hank, which is finally dried. Wastes are used either as spun yams (schappe) or bourette silk, which is made from the wastes of schappe spinning. Dead pupae are used as fish feed. 

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