Scatterplots

A scatterplot is a graph containing a cluster of dots that represents all pairs of observations (Witte and vifitte 1997,132). Each point on a scatterplot represents one case. And the case appears on the plot in relation to its measure on two scales. Both scales on a scatterplot represent variables. The variables used on a scatterplot are continuous in nature, with the independent variable along the horizontal axis (x) and the dependent variable along the vertical (y) axis. 

As presented in Chapter 5, scatterplots can be useful in graphically presenting the relationships between the variables plotted. The shape of the plotted data points can show the strength and type of the relationship. When constructing a scatterplot, the divisions along the x and y axes should be uniform and labeled. The plot itself should 

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Figure 4 Scatterplot. Measured attenuation values on 2-axis and estimated on y-axis. All samples are from the evaluation area...

Fig. 9.33 Scatterplot of the first two principal components for the ring torsion angles...

Another way to identify correlations is to plot the values of the parameters in graphical form this can help to identify any correlations and the presence of outliers. A Craig plot is a two-dimerrsional scatterplot of one parameter against another ideally, the molecules should sample from all four quadrants of the plot. 

Bota et al. [84] used the PCA method to select the optimum solvent system for TLC separation of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Each solute is treated as a point in a space defined by its retention coordinates along the different solvent composition axes. The PCA method enables the selection of a restricted set of nine available mobile phase systems, and it is a useful graphical tool because scatterplots of loading on planes described by the most important axes will have the effect of separating solvent systems from one other most efficiently. 

Fig. 36.5. Score plot of the samples in PC space (a) scatterplot of PC2-scores vs. PCl-scores, (b) scatterplot of PC4-scores vs. PC3-scores.

Fig. 5 Scatterplot derived from the CSD reporting the N- I-C angle (deg) vs. the N- I distance (A) for crystal structures containing intermolecular N- I contacts only error-free and non-polymeric structures containing single-bonded iodine atoms and showing no disorder with R < 0.06 are considered. The scatterplot clearly demonstrates the high directionality of the N- I XB...

CREATE SCATTERPLOT. BASELINE IS ON THE Y AXIS, VISIT 3 IS ON THE X AXIS, AND THE VALUES ARE PLOTTED BY TREATMENT. proc gplot... 

A scatterplot of energy for an FeSi2 film with only 0.2 at% Cr as dopant is shown in Figure 4.31. In the TOF signal, t0 includes all the signal delays of the whole set-up. The more abundant isotopes of all contributing elements are seen to be clearly separated. 

The most important methods of explorative data analysis concern the study of the distribution of the data and the recognition of outliers by boxplots (Fig. 8.18), histograms (Fig. 8.19), scatterplot matrices (Fig. 8.20), and various schematic plots. 

Fig. 8.20. Scatterplot matrix of five trace elements in 19 wine samples one of the samples is marked (+) in all the special plots to have the opportunity for comparison (according to Danzer et al. [2001])...

Fig. 3. Scatterplots of the Nh residual dipolar couplings of A131A measured in 2, 4, 6, or 8 M urea (y-axes) plotted against the same couplings measured in the absence of urea (x-axis) ris the Pearson correlation coefficient. Alignment was achieved with alkyl PEG bicelles (Ackerman and Shortle, 2002.)...

Fig. 4. Scatterplots of the Nh residual dipolar couplings from three different denatured states of staphylococcal nuclease plotted against each other. (A) Wild-type, full-length nuclease in 4 M urea (y-axis) versus A131A in buffer (x-axis). (B) Wild-type, full-length nuclease denatured by acid (25 mM citrate, pH 3.0) (y-axis) versus A131A in buffer (x-axis).

Figure 14.19 Scatterplots comparing (a) the 13C values of the fatty acids of the modern British reference animal fats with (b) the 813C values of the fatty acids of the modern Kazakh reference animal fats and (c) the A13C values of the British reference animal fats with (d) the A13C values of the Kazakh reference animal fats. (British reference animal fat values taken from Dudd 1999 and Kazakh values from Outram et al. 2009)...

Fig. 2. Scatterplot of Zn and Li for Aegean Sea sediments. Open circles, harbour samples full circles, offshore samples. Short dashed trend, regression for complete dataset long dashed trend, regression for offshore samples solid trend, log-ratio trend for all samples.

Figure 4.10 Scatterplot of Fe and Sc values for three different pottery groups, showing the effect of correlation on the data. (Redrawn with permission from Bishop and Neff, 1989 Figure 2. Copyright 1989, American Chemical Society.)...

Example 22.2 is a traditional and rather limited form of scatterplot but such plots can reveal significant information about the amount and types of association between... 

Displays. These visually reveal the behavior of the data and suggest a framework for analysis. The scatterplot (presented as a scattergram) is an example of this approach. 

Figure 3. Scatterplot of dependency of CD34+33+ myeloid progenitor cell counts (Y axis, cells per 10 3) from CD34+33- cell number (axis X, cells per 10 3).

Fig. 6.7 Visualization of HTS data using Spotfire decision site [48]. Shown are a table of data (top left), a bar chart (top right, number of compounds screened from each plate), 3-D scatterplot (bottom left, percent inhibition in the primary assay versus percent inhibition in the confirmation assay versus percent purity), and a plate map (bottom right, well versus Column arranged by plate number). In the 3-D scatterplot and the plate map, the points are colored by plate number and sized by percent inhibition in the primary assay.

A conserved element scatterplot of the hypogene lithogeochemical dataset (Fig. 2) illustrates that Zr/Ti02 ratios can be used to identify QB intrusive rocks. 

Furthermore, a Pearce element ratio (PER) scatterplot testing feldspar compositional control (Fig. 3) illustrates that some hypogene rocks have compositions controlled by feldspar (primary igneous or potassic alteration). 

Fig. 3. PER scatterplot of hypogene data testing feldspar (fresh igneous or potassic alteration) and muscovite (phyllic alteration) compositional controls.

Fig. 5. MER scatterplot of hypogene data capable of determining plagioclase compositions in un-altered rocks using the trends away from muscovite.

Lay each carboxyl group in a constant defined orientation and mark where the metal ion lies. This gives a scatterplot. 

Fig. 13. The strategy used for the construction of contoured scatterplots. Positions of metal ions near a carboxyl group are plotted for different crystal structures. The result is a scatterplot. Gaussian peaks are put on each scatterplot point. The resulting density is contoured as for an electron density. The result is a plot of the orientational preferences for binding.

The contoured scatterplots showed that the most likely arrangements of metal cations are those designated syn, anti, and direct. The percentages of directionalities of metal liganding for a total of 1558 metal-carboxylate interactions are 62.9% syn, 22.7% anti, and 14.4% direct. Minimum metal ion-ligand distances are given in Table IX(a). syn is generally preferred, except when the distances are short... 

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