Scanning electron micrograph features

Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of palladium features on quartz substrate as a function of laser power (measured on target) and scan speed. Palladium acetate precursor film thickness is 1.5 pm (cw Ar+ laser - 5145A line, spot size —0.8 pm FWHM).

Figure 10.3 Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) featuring (a) the presence of some small size nodules or protuberances on some potato starch granules and (b) surface fragmentation on some potato starch granules (source Singh et al., 2006).

Fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM in secondary electrons mode) of the surface features of HT materials ground to 100-125 pm prior to (small micrographs) and after 10-day corrosion (large micrographs). Corroded sample P7 exhibits pits but almost no secondary mineral phases corroded sample P16 shows a dense cover of secondary minerals.

General Features of Chinese Ink. Figures 6 to 13 show a representative selection of scanning electron micrographs of inks found in oriental paintings. The carbon particles are spherical and have diameters up to about 0.20 fxm. 

Fig. 1. The accuracy of e-beam lithography is illustrated in the scanning electron micrograph (top). The size of the features formed in the silicon oxide is 0.5 pm and the typical animal cell (a fibroblast) has a diameter of 20 pm. This kind of cell adheres actively to surfaces, forming thin filopodia which here have all attached to the micro-hillocks. Semiconductor technology is capable of manufacturing micro-electrodes, sensors, pores and electronic networks with sizes smaller than that of the cell. The lower illustration summarises the main detection and measuring methods currently in use...

N-isopropylacrylamide 1 is added to the polymerization mixture to increase hydro-phobicity of the monolith required for the separations in reversed phase mode. Vinylsulfonic acid 12 provides the chargeable functionalities that afford electroosmo-tic flow. Since the gelation occurs rapidly already at the room temperature, the filling of the channel must proceed immediately after the complete polymerization mixture is prepared. The methacryloyl moieties attached to the wall copolymerize with the monomers in the liquid mixture. Therefore, the continuous bed fills the channel volume completely and does not shrink even after all solvents are removed. Fig. 6.8 also shows scanning electron micrograph of the dry monolithic structure that exhibits features typical of macroporous polymers [34],... 

Fig. 1. Morphology of nanosilver inks after sintering. High resolution scanning electron micrographs of cross-sections of inkjet printed features after sintering at 150°C for 60 minutes (a) Cima Nanotech ink, (b) Cabot ink.

Figure 2.14. Scanning electron micrograph of resist lines passing over a step in the substrate. This figure shows the variations in line width caused by the topographic feature. Reproduced from reference 3. Copyright 1984 American...

Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs (at three magnifications) of a fire flood emulsion illustrating a case in which, although the water-oil ratio is 2.5 1, water is the dispersed phase. The composition of this emulsion is 63% water, 11% solids, and 26% oil. The compositions of the dispersed and continuous phases were determined from the X-ray signal excited in the electron microscope. The size of the dispersed water phase ranges from less than 0.1 pm up to about 10 pm. The large features labeled O are regions of oil phase that can be described as oil emulsified in a continuous phase of a water-in-oil emulsion. These complex systems are difficult to characterize with anything but microscopic methods.

Latex-based anion exchangers are comprised of a surface-sulfonated polystyrene/divi-nylbenzene substrate with particle diameters between 5 pm and 25 pm and fully animated porous polymer beads of high capacity, which are called latex particles. The latter have a much smaller diameter (about 0.1 pm) and are agglomerated to the surface by both electrostatic and van-der-Waals interactions. A scanning electron micrograph of this material is shown in Fig. 3-12. Hence, the stationary phase features three chemically distinct regions ... 

As a first step in our study, we decided to assess our idea of microfabricated nib tips with simple structures based on the negative photoresist SU-8. Structures having a 2/2 D topology were fabricated on a silicon wafer support 11 it should be noted that the nib feature is not completely planar as the tip of the nib tended to point upwards due to stress in the thick SU-8 polymer layer. The nib structure is composed of a reservoir feature, a capillary slot leading the liquid to the tip of the nib where electrospray occurs upon HV application. These first nib prototypes have a microfluidic capillary slot with a width of around 20 pm. Figure 5.2 shows a scanning electron micrograph of a microfabricated nib tip in SU-8 and supported on a silicon support. 

Fig. 178 Scanning electron micrographs of sub-100 nm features printed in chemical amplification resists 60 nm line/space patterns by phase shifting 157 nm lithography [511], 70 nm line/space patterns by X-ray lithography [513], and 70 nm line/space patterns by EUV lithography [514]...

FIGURE 5.5.11 Scanning electron micrographs of a PDMS stamp with 20-nm An and 5-nm Ti on the raised and recessed regions before (a) and after (b) nTP. (c) The resulting printed metal features on a plastic substrate. (From Y.-L. Loo et ah, Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, 562, 2002.)... 

Fig. 4 A Schematic cross section of metal film growth and corresponding scanning electron micrographs (below) of the gold nanocavities fabricated with a = 350 nm latex spheres of thickness t for (a) ajl, (b) a, and (c) 2.1a [91]. B Measured energy dispersion of the reflectivity for TM polarized light as a function of the in-plane wave vector for increasing relative void depth, i=t/(2a) (a-c). Log color scale white dotted lines show a zone-folded plasmon dispersion, sample orientations of 4> = 30° in all cases, (i-iv) k space cuts through dispersion relation at (i) (i,E) = (0.25,2.2 eV) (ii) (i,E) = (0.4,2.2 eV) (in) (i,E) = (0.4,1.7 eV) (iv) (f, ) = (0.6,2.2 eV), symmetry shown above (i). Light shade corresponds to absorption features [93]...

Figure 3. Scanning electron micrograph showing tracks and features on the fracture surface of a phenol-formaldehyde polymer (X4650). Reproduced with permission from Ref. 12 Copyright 1972, John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Figure 3.16 Typical scanning electron micrograph of crystals of the magnesioalu-minophosphate DAF-1. The crystals reflect the hexagonal symmetry of the structure and show growth features at the surface of the main crystal.

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