Scan Methodology

There are several scan methodologies that can reduce the dead time. One method is to use a faster translation stage. An x-y stage driven by piezoelectric translators is preferred, because these stages settle in 0.001 s or less. While they can be incremented in steps as small as 10-20 nm, most are flexure (one-piece) designs and can travel only a few millimeters in either direction. Alternatively, the laser beam itself can be scanned, as commonly done in con-focal microscopy. Crossed galvanometer-driven mirrors have been used for this purpose, as have acousto-optic translators. 

MS Based Scanning Methodologies Applied to Conus Venom... 

We have implemented scanning methodologies using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to partially purified venom from C. striatus and C. ermineus. We have carried out specific derivatizations in order to deduce composition and sequence information. Together with an intact mass these measurements are used to determine whether an ionized species observed in the MALDI mass spectrum corresponds with the intact protonated molecule of a previously characterized conotoxin. The information obtained from derivatizations is also important when the ionized species does not correspond with the intact mass of peptides of known sequence. In that case, post source decay of the native and derivatized species may help assign the fragment ions. 

Both PI and CNL scanning methodologies are undoubtedly selective and specific approaches to detect metabolites, especially in complex biological matrices such as urine and bile. However, endogenous components could result... 

Scan technique is the most widely used Design For Testability(DFT) technique, and more importantly, is supported by most test synthesis tools. Iliis technique involves replacing the sequential non-scan cells by scan cells of the desired scan style. This transformation enables the sequential scan cells to be connected as a shift register in the scan mode. Further, for ATPG each of these scan cells behave as a pseudo primaiy input as well as a pseudo primaiy output. In this section, we discuss four basic issues related to Test Synthesis using TC, namely. Scan methodology. Scan Style, Scan Insertion and ASIC Vendor issues. 

Barker, R., Hong-Minh, S. and Naim, M.M. 2000. The terrain scanning methodology assessing and improving construction supply chains. European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, 6, 179-193. 

In the ion-trap, the precursor is selected by the methodology described in Section 3.4.2.1 above for the product-ion scan. In SDM, however, the product ion scan is confined to only one m/z ratio, namely that of the product ion of interest. 

The data considered above have been derived from a TIC trace, i.e. have been acquired from full scanning, but the same methodology is used for analysing... 

Electrophoretic methods of separation of LD Tsoenzymes have become routine in clinical laboratories. Efforts are now being made to standardize the methodologies used for LD isoenzymes, particularly by Rosalki (38). The preferred methods are based on electrophoresis on a solid medium, so that the several bands may be scanned instrumentally. Differential isoenzyme inhibition with urea or other inhibitors is based on the fact that the heart LD isoenzyme is more resistant to inhibition than other isoenzymes. However, the analyst then has the problem of allocating the observed degree of inhibition between the different isoenzymes of a given sample, a problem that has not been resolved satisfactorily thus far. Hence, differential inhibition is not as reliable for isoenzyme separation as is electrophoresis. 

The importance of temperature-controlled scanning calorimetry for measurements of heat capacity and of scanning transitiometry for simultaneous caloric and pVT analysis has been demonstrated for polymorphic systems [9]. This approach was used to study an enantiotropic system characterized by multiphase (and hindered) transitions, the role of heat capacity as a means to understand homogeneous nucleation, and the creation of (p, T) phase diagrams. The methodology was shown to possess distinct advantages over the more commonly used combination of characterization techniques. 

When one polymorph can be thermally converted to another, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis cannot be used to deduce the heat of transition between the two forms, and so solution calorimetry represents an alternative methodology. This situation was encountered when evaluating the polymorphs of losartan [140], Enthalpies of transition were obtained in water (A(A//sol) = 1.723 kcal/mol) and in A A-dimethylformarnide (A(A//S0 ) = 1.757 kcal/mol), with the equivalence in results demonstrating the quality of the results. Although enthalpy does not indicate stability, the authors deduced from solution calorimetry that form I was more stable than form II at ambient temperature. 

---