Saturated Normal Butane

Propane-normal butane-normal pentane-normal hexane relative volatilities 10/4/2/1 feed mole fractions all 0.25 top 0.50/0.48/0.02/0 product mole fractions bottom product mole fractions 0/0.02/0.48/0.50. Feed is saturated liquid. 

Liquefied Petroleum Gas The term liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is applied to certain specific hydrocarbons which can be liquefied under moderate pressure at normal temperatures but are gaseous under normal atmospheric conditions. The chief constituents of LPG are propane, propylene, butane, butylene, and isobutane. LPG produced in the separation of heavier hydrocarbons from natural gas is mainly of the paraffinic (saturated) series. LPG derived from oil-refinery gas may contain varying low amounts of olefinic (unsaturated) hydrocamons. 

Because some hydrocracking occurs, Powerforming also produces saturated C to Q light hydrocarbons. The methane and ethane formed normally are consumed as refinery fuel. Propane and butane products are frequently marketed as LPG. The relative quantities of each of these products vary considerably with feed quality, operating conditions and octane severity. 

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula C H2n. -2- They contain no functional groups, are relatively inert, and can be either straight-chain (normal) or branched. Alkanes are named by a series of IUPAC rules of nomenclature. Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures are called isomers. More specifically, compounds such as butane and isobutane, which differ in their connections between atoms, are called constitutional isomers. 

Butane, is the either of two saturated hydrocarbons, or alkanes, with the chemical formula of C4H10 of the paraffin series. In both compounds the carbon atoms are joined in an open chain. In n-butane (normal), the chain is continuous and unbranched whereas in i-butane (iso) one of the carbon atoms forms a side branch. This difference in structure results in small but distinct differences in properties. Thus, n-butane melts at -138.3 °C (-216.9 °F) and boils at -0.5 °C (31.1 °F), and i-butane melts at -145 °C (-229 °F) and boils at -10.2 °C (13.6 °F). 

The total pore volume of the voids was determined from the amount of adsorbed water at saturation assuming that the water is present as a normal liquid with an average density assumed to be that of liquid water. Other adsorbates utilized in this study include the gases oxygen and nitrogen at their respective boiling points and n-butane and neopentane at room temperature. 

Figure 3 shows the calculated solubilities of water in normal paraffins butane, hexane, and octane, as a function of temperature. For comparison, literature data (7) also are shown in Figure 3. The saturated water solubilities as calculated from the equation of state depend primarily on temperature, while literature data indicate a significant effect of hydrocarbon molecular size on the water solubilities.

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