Saponin-III

Odani T, Tanizawa H, Takino Y. Studies on the absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. III. The absorption, distribution and excretion of ginsenoside Rbl in the rat. Chem Pharm Bull 1983 31 1059-1066. 

Odani, T., H. Tanizawa, and Y. Taking Studies on the Absorption, Distribution, Excretion and Metabolism of Ginseng Saponins. III. The Absorption, Distribution and Excretion of Ginsenoside Rbi in the Rat. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Japan) 31, 1059 (1983). 

The actions of proteins isolated from sea anemones, or other coelenterates, involve mechanisms different from those described for saponins. Thus, hemolysins from sea anemone R macrodactylus are capable of forming ion channels directly in membranes (98). The basic protein from S. helianthus also forms channels in black-lipid membranes. These channels are permeable to cations and show rectification (99). This ability of S. helianthus toxin III to form channels depends upon the nature of the host lipid membrane (100). Cytolysin S. helianthus binds to sphingomyelin and this substance may well serve as the binding site in cell membranes (101-106). 

Due, N. M., Kasai, R., Ohtani, K., Ito, A., Nham, N. T., Yamasaki, K., and Tanaka, O. (1994b). Saponins from Vietnamese ginseng, Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. Collected in central Vietnam. III. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 42, 634-640. 

Sanada, S. and Shoji, J. (1978). Studies on the saponins of ginseng. III. Structures of ginsenoside-Rb3 and 20-glucoginsenoside-Rf. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 26,1694-1697. 

Tanaka, O., Han, E.-C., Yamaguchi, H., Matsuura, H., Murakami, T., Taniyama, T., and Yoshikawa, M. (2000). Saponins of plants of Panax species collected in central Nepal, and their chemotaxonomical significance. III. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 48, 889-892. 

Yoshikawa, M., Murakami, T., Yashiro, K., Yamahara, J., Matsuda, H., Saijoh, R., and Tanaka, O. (1998). Bioactive saponins and glycosides. XI. Structures of new dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, Quinquenosides 1, II, III, IV, and V, from American ginseng, the roots of Panax quinquefolium L. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 46, 647-654. 

Durantanins I (28), II (29), and III (30), the triterpenoid-type saponins, are allelochemicals from Duranta repent L.16... 

Nohara T, Komori T, Kawasaki T (1980) Steroid Saponins and Sapogenins of Underground Parts of Trillium kamtschaticum Pall. III. On the Structure of Novel... 

Triton skinned and glycerinated fibers have been very valuable in demonstrating that phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of MLC is sufficient to induce contraction and relaxation (see Section III.B). These preparations have also been used to study the influence of ionic strength (Arheden et al., 1988 Gag-elmann and Guth, 1985), free Mg + (Arner, 1983 Bar-sotti et al., 1987), pH (Mrwa et al., 1974), inorganic phosphate (Schneider et al., 1981), nucleotides such as ATP and ADP (Arner and Hellstrand, 1985) on isometric force development, shortening velocity, and ATP turnover. Some of these experiments have also been carried out in smooth muscle fiber bundles and single smooth muscle cells permeabilized with saponin, (3-escin, or a-toxin (Saida and Nonomura, 1978 lino, 1981 Warshaw et al., 1987 Crichton et al., 1993). 

Three new oleanane saponins from Zahna africana (63-65) were active against a TPA-induced ear oedema, exhibiting ID50 of 14, 20 and 79 i.g/ear, respectively [90]. Tubeimoside III, natural analog of tubeimoside I (5) also had an antiinflammatory effect on mouse oedema induced by arachidonic acid and TPA [39],... 

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