Sankey diagram

FIG. 27-43 Sankey diagrams for various types of boilers (a) fire-tiihe hoder (b) industrial boiler (c) siibcritical-pressiire boiler (d) supercritical-pressure boiler. 

Figure 7.3 (a) Model of manning requirements related to plant output (b) Sankey diagram of the changing manning requirement in an expanding plant... 

Sankey diagrams are a visual tool to represent the entire inlet and outlet energy flow in energy-consuming equipment, system, or process, in which the width of the arrows is shown proportionally to the flow quantity. They are typically used to visualize energy or material or cost outputs and losses between processes. 

The main input and output categories in the production process of jackets (namely energy and resources consumption and wastes generated) were used to model the main network, where the dressmaking process and the energy supply were included as subnets. The Sankey diagrams for these subnets are presented in Figure 3.3. 

Figure 3.3 Sankey diagram for energy flows (a) in the subnet modeling the energy supply to the dressmaking factory and (b) in the subnet modeling the dressmaking process (year 2005 scenario) using Umberto 5.5 software.

Sankey diagrams (visual heat balances) assist overseeing the Btu checkbook, that is, to analyze where heat is being wasted and how to divert wasted heat to optimum use. Figures 5.11 and 5.12 are Sankey diagrams before and after addition of heat recovery equipment to a furnace. 

Fig. 5.11. Sankey diagram before addition of heat recovery. This is the origin of the ditty Lower...

The heat needs for a continuous furnace after heat-up are heat to the loads heat losses to the walls, hearth, and roof and heat losses to cooling water and openings. (See all in a Sankey diagram, sec. 5.11.)... 

Sankey diagram = a visual aid to understanding the disposal of heat released in a furnace, oven, boiler, or kiln— by use of arrows of widths proportional to the magnitude of the heat flow. 

It is often convenient to present the results for a balance over a single piece of equipment, a process unit or total processes, and, if necessary, for combined processes. They can be quickly understood in clearly arranged flowcharts (Sankey diagram). 

Figure 14.30 Sankey diagram of the 2 kW CHP PEM fuel cell/methane fuel processor system [171].

Figure 5.45 shows a Sankey diagram of a 1.7 kW propane reformer operated by Rampe et al. [151]. A comparison of the energy flows with (italic letters) and without pre-heating of the feed is performed. In the latter case, more than 20% of the energy contained in the fuel was lost to the environment. The high heat losses shown in... 

Fig. 23.3 Simulation results of the coupled HT-PEFC/reformer system in the form of a Sankey diagram showing enthalpy flows in kW at full load...

Figure 4.28 Sankey diagram for the very simple disc type 12-W fuel cell.

In this case, the Sankey diagram is rather more interesting. The final output power is just 1.64 kW. Heat loss amounting to 1.8 kW is shown, together with 360 W of electrical loss being swept downwards. This 360 W is needed to drive the three blowers and pumps and to supply an electronic controller. 

Figure 4.31 Sankey diagram for the 2.0-kW system shown in Figures 4.29 and 4.30.

Energy path flows in a pressurized SOFC-GT hybrid system are shown in the form of a Sankey diagram in Fig. 5.56. 

The energy flows of the base case are represented in a Sankey diagram see Fig. 5, showing the energy contents of the streams in kW and kJ/s. 

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