Sandstone San Joaquin basin

Fisher J. B. and Boles J. R. (1990) Water-rock interaction in Tertiary sandstones, San Joaquin Basin, California, USA diagenetic controls on water composition. Chem. Geol. 82, 83-101. 

Boles J. R. (1998) Carbonate cementation in Tertiary sandstones, San Joaquin Basin, Cahfomia. In Carbonate Cementation in Sandstones, Distribution Patterns and Geochemical Evolution (ed. S. Morad). International Association of Sedimentologists, Oxford, vol. 26, pp. 261-284. 

Carbonate cementation in Tertiary sandstones, San Joaquin basin, California... 

Fischer, K.S. Surdam, R.C. (1988) Contrasting diagenetic styles in a shelf turbidite sandstone sequence the Santa Margarita and Stevens sandstones, San Joaquin Basin, California, USA. In Studies ofthe Geology of the San Joaquin Basin (Ed. Graham, S.A.). Soc. Econ. Paleont. Miner. Pacific Sec. Publ., 60, 233-247. 

Hayes M. J. and Boles J. R. (1992) Volumetric relations between dissolved plagioclase and kaohnite in sandstones imphcations for aluminum mass transfer in the San Joaquin Basin, Cahfomia. In Origin, Diagenesis, and Petrophysics of Clay Minerals in Sandstones (eds. D. W. Houseknecht and... 

Boles, J.R. Ramseyer, K. (1987) Diagenetic carbonate in Miocene sandstone reservoir, San Joaquin Basin, California. Bull. Am. Petrol. Geol., 71, 1475-1487. 

Carbonate-cemented sandstones occur throughout the San Joaquin basin. New isotopic data from nine additional areas combined with published papers allow comparison of cement compositions throughout the basin and a quantitative model of cement timing. 

Carbonate cements occur in small amounts in many sandstone hydrocarbon reservoirs of the San Joaquin basin. The cements formed throughout much of the burial history of the basin, and thus provide an extensive record of organic-inorganic diagenesis. Moreover, the cements record the nature and mag-... 

The carbonate cements of the San Joaquin basin have been useful for reconstructing the diagenetic history of non-carbonate reactions in the basin. Where rock is completely cemented, carbonate cementation can be used to deduce the reaction progress before and after cement sealing by comparing diagenesis both within and outside the cement zone. The low permeability of extensively cemented sandstone has effectively prevented further diagenesis within that rock. This has been demonstrated for... 

Fig. 2. West to east cross-section across San Joaquin basin. See Fig. 1 for location of the cross-section line. Most of basin-fill is marine, including the Stevens sandstone, and is at maximum burial depth. Non-marine strata are Chanac and Kem River Formations. Low lateral continuity of beds and abundant shales have prevented meteoric water from entering the deep central basin. Cross-section from California Division of Oil and Gas.

One of the most challenging aspects of diagenesis is to quantify the time and duration of cementation. In the San Joaquin basin we used several methods to estimate when carbonate cements formed. One method, which has also been applied by many previous workers in other basins (e.g. Galloway, 1979), is to infer the porosity at the time of cementation from the volume of pore-filling cement. If the compaction history for uncemented sands is known, the cement volume in fully cemented sandstones implies the burial depth at which cementation occurred. In the case of the San Joaquin basin, most areas underwent simple subsidence to their present depth, and the relation between depth of burial and porosity for uncemented sandstones is known from abundant porosity-depth data (e.g. Ziegler Spotts, 1976). Thus the depth of cementation can be inferred and, combined with a time-depth burial curve, so can the timing of cementation. 

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of carbonate cements in sandstones of the San Joaquin basin. (A) Siderite rhombs (arrows) in pore space (dark areas). Well NCL 88-29, 2746.5 m (9010.8 ft). White bar is 0.25 mm. (B) Dolomite pore-filling sandstone from the central basin. Note high cement volume and undeformed detrital biotite (dark grains). Detrital grains are chiefly quartz and feldspar. Well NCL 88-29, 2717 m (8913 ft). White bar is 0.5 mm. (C) Calcite pore-filling cement from central basin. Note relatively high cement volume and partially crushed biotite. Well NCL 487-29,...

Fig. 5. Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of early-formed dolomite cements in sandstones of the central San Joaquin basin.

Ramseyer, K. Boles, J.R. (1986) Mixed-layer illite/ smectite minerals in Tertiary sandstones and shales, San Joaquin basin, California. Clays Clay Miner., 34, 115-124. 

Schmidt V, McDonald DA (1979) The role of secondary porosity in the course of sandstone diagenesis. In Scholle P, Schluger P (eds) Aspects of diagenesis. Soc Econ Paleontol Mineral Spec Publ 26, pp 175-207 Schultz JL, Boles JR, Tilton GR (1989) Tracking calcium in the San Joaquin Basin, California a strontium isotope study of carbonate cements at North Coles Levee. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53 1991-1999... 

---