Switchers sample

With the advent of column switchers and more reproducible alternative column materials, it is now quite feasible to screen multiple pH values—for example, at high, medium, and low pH—using scouting gradients in order to choose the column and pH at which to perform further optimization experiments. This is a particularly tempting scenario when few or no chemical structures are available for the synthetic by-products or degradation products in the sample, or when samples are particularly complex. Recently there has been considerable development on systems for selection of optimal pH and type of column concomitantly [28]. 

Fig. 11 Typical optical setup of a fast multidimensional microscope for fixed (left) and Uving (right) cell observation. For fixed-sample acquisition, image stacks are acquired sequentially, one color at a time. Single dichroic mirrors are used and exchanged to switch between colors. For Uving-cell microscopy, the dichroic mirror is fixed and contains a multiband filter. In sequential mode, for each focal position, excitation wavelengths are changed with a fast wavelength switcher, and only one CCD camera is needed. In simultaneous mode, several CCD cameras are used in combination with an adapted detection dichroic mirror...

Analyses in this chapter are taken from semi-structured individual interviews conducted by our research team at four engineering programs University of South Florida, Florida International University, University of Florida, and Florida Agricultural Mechanical University-Florida State University Colleges of Engineering with a sample of switchers interviewed... 

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