Sample In Vitro Toxicity Tests

Ames Test for Mutagenicity = bacteria (Salmonella) with mammal liver enzymes 

Heritable Chromosome Damage housefly (Drosophila sp.), mouse cells 

Repairable DNA Damage bacteria (Escherichia coli), rat liver cells, human cells 

In vitro methods are becoming more powerful and reliable as the methods are refined and improved. Fewer tests are conducted using whole cmimals today than there were twenty years ago. 

For new drugs, human clinical trials are conducted following the battery of animal and in vitro tests discussed earlier. Based on the results of the animal tests, some 

---