Salmonella nontyphoidal

Pneumogstis carini pneumonia (PCP), the most common of the opportunistic infections, occurs in more than 80% of AIDS patients (13). Toxoplasmosis, a proto2oan infection of the central nervous system, is activated in AIDS patients when the 004 count drops and severe impairment of ceU-mediated immunity occurs. Typically, patients have a mass lesion(s) in the brain. These mass lesions usually respond well to therapy and can disappear completely. Fungal infections, such as CTyptococcalmeningitis, are extremely common in AIDS patients, and Histop/asma capsulatum appears when ceU-mediated immunity has been destroyed by the HIV vims, leading to widespread infection of the lungs, Hver, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. AIDS patients are particularly susceptible to bacteremia caused by nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella. Bacteremia may be cleared by using antibiotic therapy. 

Salmonella is more likely to cause severe invasive infection in the HIV-infected population. Recurrent nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteremia is an AIDS-defining illness. 

His blood cultures came back positive for nontyphoidal Salmonella. 

Threlfall E.J., L.R. Ward, J.A. Skinner, and B. Rowe (1997). Increase in multiple antibiotic resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella from humans in England and Wales A comparison of data for 1994 and 1996. Microbial Drug Resistance 3 263-266. 

Numerous episodes have occurred in which humans have developed drug-resistant nontyphoid Salmonella infections that have been traced to animal sources (23). These bacteria can be transmitted to humans in food or through direct contact with animals. Antimicrobial resistance limits the tlierapeutic options available to veterinarians and physicians for the subset of clinical cases of nontyphoid Salmonella that require treatment. A recent example is a clone of Salmonella typhimurium DT 104 with chromosomally encoded resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and sulfonamides, which has become increasingly common in humans in England and Wales since 1990 (24). Since 1992, only Salmonella enteritidis has accounted for more cases of human salmonellosis than Salmonella typhimurium DT 104 (25, 26). Multiresistant DT 104 has currently emerged in several European countries (27-29) outbreaks have been also reported in the United States in both cattle (30) and humans (31). 

Voetsch AC, Van Gilder TJ, Angulo FJ, Farley MM, Shallow S, Marcus R, Cieslak PR, Deneen VC, Tauxe RV (2004) FoodNet estimate of the burden of illness caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella infections in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 38(Suppl 3) S127-S134... 

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